Kaattari I M, Rhodes M W, Kaattari S L, Shotts E B
Department of Environmental and Aquatic Animal Health, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA.
J Fish Dis. 2006 Sep;29(9):509-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00744.x.
Advances in molecular analyses have permitted documentation of an increasing spectrum of mycobacteria infecting fish. Although some of these mycobacteria are not closely related, several species belong to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis clade. One member of the clade, M. marinum, is well known as an agent of piscine mycobacteriosis. Three other clade species, M. shottsii, M. pseudoshottsii and M. 'chesapeaki', have recently been identified as predominant disease agents in a widespread, continuing epizootic in wild striped bass of the Chesapeake Bay. A fifth clade member, M. ulcerans, has recently been indirectly detected in wild, African cichlid fish. As M. ulcerans is the third most common human mycobacterial infection worldwide, even such indirect evidence of M. ulcerans in fish must be more thoroughly investigated. Complicating the differentiation of these clade members is the growing recognition of intraspecies and interspecies variation in phenotypes, genes and virulence. Thus, researchers must be aware of the variety of piscine isolates within the M. tuberculosis clade. This review summarizes the methods of detection and differentiation for this important group of mycobacteria.
分子分析技术的进步使得记录感染鱼类的分枝杆菌种类不断增加成为可能。尽管其中一些分枝杆菌关系并不密切，但有几个物种属于结核分枝杆菌进化枝。该进化枝的一个成员，海分枝杆菌，是鱼类分枝杆菌病的著名病原体。另外三个进化枝物种，肖茨分枝杆菌、假肖茨分枝杆菌和“切萨皮克分枝杆菌”，最近被确定为切萨皮克湾野生条纹鲈广泛、持续流行疫情中的主要病原体。第五个进化枝成员，溃疡分枝杆菌，最近在野生非洲丽鱼科鱼类中间接检测到。由于溃疡分枝杆菌是全球第三常见的人类分枝杆菌感染病原体，因此即使是鱼类中溃疡分枝杆菌的这种间接证据也必须进行更深入的研究。这些进化枝成员之间的区分变得复杂的原因是，人们越来越认识到种内和种间在表型、基因和毒力方面存在差异。因此，研究人员必须了解结核分枝杆菌进化枝内各种鱼类分离株的情况。本综述总结了这一重要分枝杆菌群的检测和区分方法。
