Bayliss Andrew P, Frischen Alexandra, Fenske Mark J, Tipper Steven P
School of Psychology, University of Wales, Bangor, UK.
Cognition. 2007 Sep;104(3):644-53. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2006.07.012. Epub 2006 Sep 6.
Gaze direction signals another person's focus of interest. Facial expressions convey information about their mental state. Appropriate responses to these signals should reflect their combined influence, yet current evidence suggests that gaze-cueing effects for objects near an observed face are not modulated by its emotional expression. Here, we extend the investigation of perceived gaze direction and emotional expression by considering their combined influence on affective judgments. While traditional response-time measures revealed equal gaze-cueing effects for happy and disgust faces, affective evaluations critically depended on the combined product of gaze and emotion. Target objects looked at with a happy expression were liked more than objects looked at with a disgust expression. Objects not looked at were rated equally for both expressions. Our results demonstrate that facial expression does modulate the way that observers utilize gaze cues: Objects attended by others are evaluated according to the valence of their facial expression.
注视方向标志着他人的兴趣焦点。面部表情传达着有关他们心理状态的信息。对这些信号的恰当反应应反映出它们的综合影响，但目前的证据表明，对于观察到的脸部附近物体的注视提示效应不会因其情绪表达而受到调节。在此，我们通过考虑它们对情感判断的综合影响，扩展了对感知到的注视方向和情绪表达的研究。虽然传统的反应时间测量显示，快乐和厌恶表情的注视提示效应相同，但情感评估关键取决于注视和情绪的综合结果。带着快乐表情注视的目标物体比带着厌恶表情注视的物体更受喜爱。未被注视的物体在两种表情下的评分相同。我们的结果表明，面部表情确实会调节观察者利用注视提示的方式：他人注视的物体是根据其面部表情的效价来评估的。
