Venetjoki N, Kaarlela-Tuomaala A, Keskinen E, Hongisto V
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Laboratory of Ventilation and Acoustics, Lemminkäisenkatu 14-18 B, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland.
Ergonomics. 2006 Sep 15;49(11):1068-91. doi: 10.1080/00140130600679142.
The aim of this study was to find out what are the effects of three different sound environments on performance of cognitive tasks of varying complexity. These three sound environments were 'speech', 'masked speech' and 'continuous noise'. They corresponded to poor, acceptable and perfect acoustical privacy in an open-plan office, respectively. The speech transmission indices were 0.00, 0.30 and 0.80, respectively. Sounds environments were presented at 48 dBA. The laboratory experiment on 36 subjects lasted for 4 h for each subject. Proofreading performance deteriorated in the 'speech' (p < 0.05) compared to the other two sound environments. Reading comprehension and computer-based tasks (simple and complex reaction time, subtraction, proposition, Stroop and vigilance) remained unaffected. Subjects assessed the 'speech' as the most disturbing, most disadvantageous and least pleasant environment (p < 0.01). 'Continuous noise' annoyed the least. Subjective arousal was highest in 'masked speech' and lowest in 'continuous noise' (p < 0.05). Performance in real open-plan offices could be improved by reducing speech intelligibility, e.g. by attenuating speech level and using an appropriate masking environment.
本研究的目的是找出三种不同的声音环境对不同复杂程度认知任务表现的影响。这三种声音环境分别是“语音”、“掩蔽语音”和“持续噪声”。它们分别对应开放式办公室中较差、可接受和完美的声学隐私。语音传输指数分别为0.00、0.30和0.80。声音环境以48分贝声级呈现。对36名受试者进行的实验室实验，每名受试者持续4小时。与其他两种声音环境相比，在“语音”环境下校对表现变差（p<0.05）。阅读理解和基于计算机的任务（简单和复杂反应时间、减法、命题、斯特鲁普和警觉性）未受影响。受试者将“语音”环境评为最干扰、最不利和最不愉快的环境（p<0.01）。“持续噪声”最不令人烦恼。主观唤醒在“掩蔽语音”环境中最高，在“持续噪声”环境中最低（p<0.05）。通过降低语音清晰度，例如通过衰减语音水平和使用适当的掩蔽环境，可以改善实际开放式办公室中的表现。
