Zeledón Rodrigo, Rojas Julio C
Laboratorio de Zoonosis, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, San José, 1466-2050, Costa Rica.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2006 Jun;101(4):379-86. doi: 10.1590/s0074-02762006000400006.
An ecological control method, using environmental management operations, based on biological and behavioral characteristics of Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811), was implemented as a pilot project in an area of Costa Rica where the bug is prevalent. The sample was represented by 20 houses with peridomestic colonies (two also had indoor infestation), divided in two equivalent groups of 10 each. In one group we intervened the houses, i.e. all objects or materials that were serving as artificial ecotopes for the bugs were removed, and the second group was used as control houses. After a year of periodic follow up, it became evident that in those houses with a modified environment the number of insects had decreased notoriously even after the first visits and this was more evident after a period of 12.5 to 13.5 months in which no insects were detected in eight of the houses. It also became clear that in this group of houses, recolonization by wild bugs from the surrounding areas, became more difficult, probably due to the absence of protection from bug predators. In the control houses, with the exception of three in which the inhabitants decided to intervene on their own, and another house with a peculiar situation, the insect populations remained the same or even showed a tendency to increase, as confirmed at the end of the experiment. We believe that the method is feasible, low costing and non contaminating. It could be used successfully in other places where T. dimidiata is common and also in countries where other species colonize peridomestic areas of homes. Environmental management of this kind should seek the participation of the members of the communities, in order to make it a more permanent control measure.
一种基于中华按蚊（Latreille，1811）的生物学和行为特征，采用环境管理操作的生态控制方法，在哥斯达黎加一个该臭虫盛行的地区作为试点项目实施。样本由20所带有家栖群落的房屋组成（其中两所房屋也有室内感染），分为两个相等的组，每组10所房屋。在一组房屋中，我们进行了干预，即移除了所有作为臭虫人工生态位的物体或材料，第二组用作对照房屋。经过一年的定期随访，很明显，在那些环境经过改造的房屋中，昆虫数量在首次访查后就显著减少，在12.5至13.5个月后更为明显，其中有8所房屋未检测到昆虫。同样明显的是，在这组房屋中，周围地区的野生臭虫重新定殖变得更加困难，这可能是由于缺乏对臭虫捕食者的保护。在对照房屋中，除了三所房屋的居民自行决定进行干预以及另一所情况特殊的房屋外，昆虫数量保持不变甚至有增加的趋势，实验结束时得到了证实。我们认为该方法可行、成本低且无污染。它可以成功应用于中华按蚊常见的其他地方，也可应用于其他物种在家庭周边地区定殖的国家。这种环境管理应寻求社区成员的参与，以便使其成为一种更持久的控制措施。
