Alving Carl R
Department of Vaccine Production and Delivery, Division of Retrovirology, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
J Liposome Res. 2006;16(3):157-66. doi: 10.1080/08982100600848553.
Naturally occurring antibodies to phospholipids and cholesterol are widespread; they occur commonly during the course of acute infections; they are not causally related to the anti-phospholipid syndrome; they have been associated with other clinical entities only as an epiphenomenon; and they have not been implicated as causing any clinical syndrome or disease. There are theoretical and experimental reasons to believe that normal cells and tissues are protected from binding of antibodies to bilayer lipids by steric hindrance due to adjacent larger molecules, such as large or charged adjacent glycolipids or proteins on the cell surface. There are also reasons to believe that certain natural antibodies to lipids can even serve useful normal functions. Antibodies to liposomal lipids induced by liposomes containing lipid A appear to have characteristics that are similar or identical to naturally occurring antibodies to lipids, and it is therefore believed that such antibodies would not cause adverse clinical effects. Numerous Phase I and II human clinical trials of experimental vaccines containing liposomes and lipid A have shown a high level of safety.
针对磷脂和胆固醇的天然抗体广泛存在；它们在急性感染过程中普遍出现；它们与抗磷脂综合征无因果关系；它们仅作为一种附带现象与其他临床实体相关联；而且它们并未被认为会导致任何临床综合征或疾病。有理论和实验依据认为，正常细胞和组织因相邻较大分子（如细胞表面的大的或带电荷的相邻糖脂或蛋白质）的空间位阻作用而免受抗体与双层脂质结合的影响。也有理由相信某些针对脂质的天然抗体甚至能发挥有益的正常功能。由含脂质A的脂质体诱导产生的针对脂质体脂质的抗体似乎具有与针对脂质的天然抗体相似或相同的特性，因此人们认为此类抗体不会产生不良临床影响。多项含脂质体和脂质A的实验性疫苗的I期和II期人体临床试验已表明其具有高度安全性。
