Brainerd C J, Forrest T J, Karibian D, Reyna V F
Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2006 Sep;42(5):962-79. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.42.5.962.
The counterintuitive developmental trend in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) illusion (that false-memory responses increase with age) was investigated in learning-disabled and nondisabled children from the 6- to 14-year-old age range. Fuzzy-trace theory predicts that because there are qualitative differences in how younger versus older children and disabled versus nondisabled children connect meaning information across the words on DRM lists, certain key effects that are observed in adult studies will be absent in young children and in learning-disabled children. Data on 6 such adult effects (list strength, recall inflation, delayed inflation, delayed stability, thematic intrusion, and true-false dissociation) were used to investigate this hypothesis, and the resulting data were consistent with prediction.
对6至14岁有学习障碍和无学习障碍的儿童进行了研究，以探究迪斯-罗迪格-麦克德莫特（DRM）错觉中违反直觉的发展趋势（即错误记忆反应随年龄增长而增加）。模糊痕迹理论预测，由于年幼儿童与年长儿童以及有学习障碍儿童与无学习障碍儿童在将意义信息与DRM列表中的单词建立联系的方式上存在质的差异，因此在成人研究中观察到的某些关键效应在幼儿和有学习障碍的儿童中不会出现。利用关于6种此类成人效应（列表强度、回忆膨胀、延迟膨胀、延迟稳定性、主题侵入和真假分离）的数据来研究这一假设，所得数据与预测结果一致。
