Vailly Joëlle
Centre de Recherche sur la Santé, le Social et le Politique, UMR723 Inserm-UP13-EHESS, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France.
Soc Sci Med. 2006 Dec;63(12):3092-101. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.07.025. Epub 2006 Sep 7.
The biomedicalization process and the rise of genetics that have occurred in the last few decades raise political issues concerning the ability of subjects in biomedicine to act and make choices. My work examines these issues through a study of the process by which neonatal screening for the genetic disease of cystic fibrosis (CF) was set up in France. It draws on qualitative interviews with 25 national officials making use of the Foucauldian notion of government, which implies power relations among entities recognized as subjects of action. I examine how different agents (or groups) came to form either governing or governable entities within this health policy, and by what means governance in this area is exercised. The study positions relations between governors and the governed in the dynamics specific to them, showing that screening for CF is, to a large degree, a political technique for governing self and others based on a biomedical technique. Two types of subject (a professionals' association and a patients' association) are seen to be constituted in different ways and endowed with more or less extensive power. More generally, the study raises the question of the form of the political, through the example of genetic screening.
过去几十年间出现的生物医学化进程以及遗传学的兴起引发了一些政治问题，这些问题关乎生物医学领域中主体采取行动和做出选择的能力。我的研究通过对法国建立囊性纤维化（CF）这种遗传疾病新生儿筛查的过程进行考察，来审视这些问题。该研究借助对25位国家官员的定性访谈，运用了福柯的治理观念，这意味着在被视为行动主体的实体之间存在权力关系。我探究了不同的行动者（或群体）是如何在这项卫生政策中形成治理或可治理实体的，以及在该领域是通过何种方式实施治理的。这项研究将管理者与被管理者之间的关系置于特定的动态情境中，表明对CF的筛查在很大程度上是一种基于生物医学技术来治理自我和他人的政治手段。两种类型的主体（一个专业人员协会和一个患者协会）以不同方式被建构，并被赋予了或多或少的广泛权力。更普遍地说，该研究通过基因筛查的例子提出了政治形式的问题。
