Howe Holly L, Wu Xiaocheng, Ries Lynn A G, Cokkinides Vilma, Ahmed Faruque, Jemal Ahmedin, Miller Barry, Williams Melanie, Ward Elizabeth, Wingo Phyllis A, Ramirez Amelie, Edwards Brenda K
North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, Springfield, Illinois 62704-6495, USA.
Cancer. 2006 Oct 15;107(8):1711-42. doi: 10.1002/cncr.22193.
The American Cancer Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Cancer Institute, and North American Association of Central Cancer Registries collaborate annually to provide U.S. cancer information, this year featuring the first comprehensive compilation of cancer information for U.S. Latinos.
Cancer incidence was obtained from 90% of the Hispanic/Latino and 82% of the U.S. populations. Cancer deaths were obtained for the entire U.S. population. Cancer screening, risk factor, incidence, and mortality data were compiled for Latino and non-Latino adults and children (incidence only). Long-term (1975-2003) and fixed-interval (1995-2003) trends and comparative analyses by disease stage, urbanicity, and area poverty were evaluated.
The long-term trend in overall cancer death rates, declining since the early 1990s, continued through 2003 for all races and both sexes combined. However, female lung cancer incidence rates increased from 1975 to 2003, decelerating since 1991 and breast cancer incidence rates stabilized from 2001 to 2003. Latinos had lower incidence rates in 1999-2003 for most cancers, but higher rates for stomach, liver, cervix, and myeloma (females) than did non-Latino white populations. Latino children have higher incidence of leukemia, retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, and germ-cell tumors than do non-Latino white children. For several common cancers, Latinos were less likely than non-Latinos to be diagnosed at localized stages.
The lower cancer rates observed in Latino immigrants could be sustained by maintenance of healthy behaviors. Some infection-related cancers in Latinos could be controlled by evidence-based interventions. Affordable, culturally sensitive, linguistically appropriate, and timely access to cancer information, prevention, screening, and treatment are important in Latino outreach and community networks.
美国癌症协会、疾病控制与预防中心、国家癌症研究所和北美中央癌症登记协会每年合作提供美国癌症信息，今年首次全面汇编了美国拉丁裔的癌症信息。
癌症发病率数据来自90%的西班牙裔/拉丁裔人群和82%的美国人口。癌症死亡数据来自全美国人口。收集了拉丁裔和非拉丁裔成年人及儿童（仅发病率）的癌症筛查、风险因素、发病率和死亡率数据。评估了长期（1975 - 2003年）和固定间隔（1995 - 2003年）的趋势以及按疾病阶段、城市化程度和地区贫困程度进行的比较分析。
自20世纪90年代初以来总体癌症死亡率呈下降趋势，这一趋势在2003年之前对所有种族和两性均持续存在。然而，女性肺癌发病率在1975年至2003年间上升，自1991年起增速减缓，乳腺癌发病率在2001年至2003年间趋于稳定。在1999 - 2003年期间，大多数癌症拉丁裔的发病率低于非拉丁裔白人，但胃癌、肝癌、宫颈癌和骨髓瘤（女性）的发病率高于非拉丁裔白人。拉丁裔儿童白血病、视网膜母细胞瘤、骨肉瘤和生殖细胞肿瘤的发病率高于非拉丁裔白人儿童。对于几种常见癌症，拉丁裔比非拉丁裔在疾病局限期被诊断出的可能性更小。
拉丁裔移民中观察到的较低癌症发病率可通过保持健康行为得以维持。拉丁裔中一些与感染相关的癌症可通过循证干预措施加以控制。在拉丁裔外展和社区网络中，以可承受的价格、具有文化敏感性、语言合适且及时地获取癌症信息、预防、筛查和治疗至关重要。
