Tamir Maya, Robinson Michael D, Solberg Emily Crawford
Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
J Pers. 2006 Oct;74(5):1481-506. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00417.x.
The present studies sought to investigate the hedonic consequences of threat-identification skills at low and high levels of neuroticism. Such skills were assessed in terms of both speed (Study 1) and accuracy (Study 2) of identifying threatening objects in cognitive tasks. As predicted, threat-identification skills interacted with trait neuroticism in predicting subjective experiences. Specifically, individuals high in neuroticism experienced lower levels of negative affect during their everyday lives if they were also skilled in identifying threats in the cognitive tasks (Studies 1-2). Such skills did not matter at low levels of neuroticism. This interactive pattern was also replicated in the context of life domain satisfaction (Study 2). The results support the view that avoidance motivation encompasses multiple component processes, including some that are cognitive in nature, and specifically extends self-regulatory views of neuroticism. Of most importance, our data indicate that threat-identification skills can be hedonically beneficial, rather than costly, at high levels of neuroticism.
本研究旨在探究在神经质水平较低和较高时，威胁识别技能所带来的享乐主义后果。这些技能通过认知任务中识别威胁性物体的速度（研究1）和准确性（研究2）来评估。正如预测的那样，在预测主观体验方面，威胁识别技能与特质神经质相互作用。具体而言，如果在认知任务中善于识别威胁，神经质水平高的个体在日常生活中会体验到较低水平的负面影响（研究1 - 2）。在神经质水平较低时，这些技能并无影响。这种交互模式在生活领域满意度方面也得到了重复验证（研究2）。研究结果支持了这样一种观点，即回避动机包含多个组成过程，包括一些本质上是认知性的过程，特别是扩展了对神经质的自我调节观点。最重要的是，我们的数据表明，在神经质水平较高时，威胁识别技能在享乐主义方面可能是有益的，而非代价高昂的。
