Davey Richard J
Transfusion Medicine, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Vox Sang. 2006 Oct;91(3):206-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2006.00824.x.
Blood centres in the USA encounter over 35,000 blood donors every day, a number that is far exceeded worldwide. This daily encounter of thousands of people with the healthcare system offers an unusual opportunity for blood centres to engage these donors in ways that contribute to individual and community health. In addition, a positive interaction at the blood centre may encourage donors to return more often, thus enhancing the blood supply. The wealth of medical information gathered by blood centres also presents an opportunity for epidemiological studies of health and illness that affect the community at large. Donors receive a 'mini-physical' as part of the donor qualification process. Required procedures include blood pressure measurement and haemoglobin determination. Targeted education, counselling and referral of donors with hypertension and/or low haemoglobin engages them in the care of critical personal health issues. Carbonyl iron supplied to female donors of child-bearing age replaces iron lost in the donation and can retain them as active blood donors. A range of optional screening tests and procedures offer enhanced interactions between the donor and the blood centre. Inexpensive tests, such as cholesterol and random blood glucose determination, can detect abnormalities that may initiate further medical interventions to address cardiovascular and diabetic risks. These enhanced medical interactions with donors must be undertaken with care and appropriate medical supervision. However, the opportunity, indeed the responsibility, to act on important medical information enhances the range of medical support for donors and is an opening for blood centres to expand their involvement in the health of the community.
美国的血液中心每天接待超过35000名献血者，这一数字在全球范围内远超其他国家。每天数千人与医疗系统的接触，为血液中心提供了一个特殊的机会，使其能够以有助于个人和社区健康的方式与这些献血者互动。此外，在血液中心的积极互动可能会鼓励献血者更频繁地回来献血，从而增加血液供应。血液中心收集的大量医学信息，也为研究影响整个社区的健康与疾病提供了流行病学研究的机会。作为献血者资格认定过程的一部分，献血者要接受一次“小型体检”。所需程序包括测量血压和测定血红蛋白。对患有高血压和/或血红蛋白水平低的献血者进行有针对性的教育、咨询和转诊，能促使他们关注自身关键的健康问题。向育龄期女性献血者提供羰基铁，可补充献血过程中流失的铁，并能使她们继续成为活跃的献血者。一系列可选的筛查测试和程序，能加强献血者与血液中心之间的互动。诸如胆固醇和随机血糖测定等低成本测试，能够检测出可能引发进一步医疗干预以应对心血管和糖尿病风险的异常情况。与献血者进行这些强化的医疗互动时，必须谨慎并在适当的医疗监督下进行。然而，根据重要医学信息采取行动的机会，乃至责任，扩大了对献血者的医疗支持范围，也为血液中心进一步参与社区健康事务提供了契机。
