Laschke Matthias W, Harder Yves, Amon Michaela, Martin Ivan, Farhadi Jian, Ring Andrej, Torio-Padron Nestor, Schramm René, Rücker Martin, Junker Dominic, Häufel Jörg M, Carvalho Carlos, Heberer Michael, Germann Günter, Vollmar Brigitte, Menger Michael D
Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany.
Tissue Eng. 2006 Aug;12(8):2093-104. doi: 10.1089/ten.2006.12.2093.
Long-term function of three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs depends on adequate vascularization after implantation. Accordingly, research in tissue engineering has focused on the analysis of angiogenesis. For this purpose, 2 sophisticated in vivo models (the chorioallantoic membrane and the dorsal skinfold chamber) have recently been introduced in tissue engineering research, allowing a more detailed analysis of angiogenic dysfunction and engraftment failure. To achieve vascularization of tissue constructs, several approaches are currently under investigation. These include the modification of biomaterial properties of scaffolds and the stimulation of blood vessel development and maturation by different growth factors using slow-release devices through pre-encapsulated microspheres. Moreover, new microvascular networks in tissue substitutes can be engineered by using endothelial cells and stem cells or by creating arteriovenous shunt loops. Nonetheless, the currently used techniques are not sufficient to induce the rapid vascularization necessary for an adequate cellular oxygen supply. Thus, future directions of research should focus on the creation of microvascular networks within 3D tissue constructs in vitro before implantation or by co-stimulation of angiogenesis and parenchymal cell proliferation to engineer the vascularized tissue substitute in situ.
三维（3D）组织构建体的长期功能取决于植入后的充分血管化。因此，组织工程研究聚焦于血管生成分析。为此，最近在组织工程研究中引入了2种精密的体内模型（绒毛尿囊膜和背部皮褶腔），从而能够更详细地分析血管生成功能障碍和移植失败情况。为实现组织构建体的血管化，目前正在研究多种方法。这些方法包括改变支架的生物材料特性，以及通过预封装微球利用缓释装置，用不同生长因子刺激血管发育和成熟。此外，可通过使用内皮细胞和干细胞或创建动静脉分流环，在组织替代物中构建新的微血管网络。尽管如此，目前使用的技术尚不足以诱导实现充足细胞氧供应所需的快速血管化。因此，未来的研究方向应集中在植入前于体外在3D组织构建体内创建微血管网络，或通过共同刺激血管生成和实质细胞增殖，原位构建血管化组织替代物。
