Zizka Zdenek, Calda Pavel, Fait Tomas, Haakova Lucia, Kvasnicka Jan, Viskova Hana
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Faculty Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Fetal Diagn Ther. 2006;21(6):510-4. doi: 10.1159/000095663. Epub 2006 Sep 12.
Lymphocyte subpopulations are identified by the uniform CD classification (Cluster of Differentiation) and can be accurately differentiated with monoclonal antibodies using the method of flow cytometry. With the aid of cordocentesis it is possible to perform studies on the status and development of cellular immunity as early as in the second trimester of pregnancy.
To compare lymphocyte subpopulations present in fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities (Down's syndrome (DS), Edwards' syndrome (ES)) and fetuses with normal karyotype.
Prospective observational study.
We examined a total of 61 pregnant women with an average age of 31.5 years (20- 46 years).
In fetuses with DS we found a significant decrease in B lymphocytes (CD19),a decrease in the subpopulations of multi-reactive B-cells (CD5(+)CD19(+), B-CLL),and a decrease in the index of CD4/CD8 and class II HLA-DR. In contrast, the representation of NK cells expressing /CD3-CD (16 + 56)+/ was greatly increased. In ES we found a decrease in T lymphocytes (CD3), a decrease in T-helper lymphocytes (monocytes CD4), a decreased index of CD4/CD8 and a greater representation of NK cells /CD3-CD (16 + 56)+/.
We determined the normal values of lymphocyte subpopulations in physiological fetuses. We demonstrated that the immunological defect of the affected fetuses is already present antenatally, and can be reliably diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy.
淋巴细胞亚群通过统一的CD分类（分化簇）来识别，并且可以使用流式细胞术方法用单克隆抗体进行准确区分。借助脐血穿刺术，早在妊娠中期就可以对细胞免疫的状态和发育进行研究。
比较染色体异常胎儿（唐氏综合征（DS）、爱德华兹综合征（ES））和核型正常胎儿的淋巴细胞亚群。
前瞻性观察研究。
我们共检查了61名平均年龄为31.5岁（20 - 46岁）的孕妇。
在患有DS的胎儿中，我们发现B淋巴细胞（CD19）显著减少，多反应性B细胞亚群（CD5(+)CD19(+)，B - CLL）减少，CD4/CD8指数和II类HLA - DR降低。相比之下，表达/CD3 - CD(16 + 56)+/的NK细胞比例大幅增加。在患有ES的胎儿中，我们发现T淋巴细胞（CD3）减少，辅助性T淋巴细胞（单核细胞CD4）减少，CD4/CD8指数降低，NK细胞/CD3 - CD(16 + 56)+/比例增加。
我们确定了生理胎儿淋巴细胞亚群的正常值。我们证明，受影响胎儿的免疫缺陷在产前就已存在，并且可以在妊娠中期可靠地诊断出来。
