Rainwater L M, Morgan W R, Klee G G, Zincke H
Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.
Mayo Clin Proc. 1990 Aug;65(8):1118-26. doi: 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)62725-6.
The isolation and purification of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and the development of a radioimmunoassay for this antigen represent major advancements for the detection of adenocarcinoma of the prostate and the monitoring of response to therapy in patients with this disease. Both monoclonal and polyclonal assays for PSA are available. In attempts to correlate pathologic tumor stage and PSA levels, tumors of higher stage (pathologic stages C1, C2, D1, and D2) have been associated with elevated PSA levels. Increased PSA levels have also been found in patients with benign prostatic diseases (benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostatitis). PSA has been shown to be an excellent marker after radical prostatectomy and for monitoring of radiation therapy. Patients with a persistently elevated PSA level for more than 6 months postoperatively should be assessed for residual or recurrent local or systemic disease. Thus far, routine use of PSA testing as a mass screening modality for prostatic cancer has not been considered cost-effective.
前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）的分离纯化以及针对该抗原的放射免疫测定法的开发，是前列腺腺癌检测及该疾病患者治疗反应监测方面的重大进展。PSA的单克隆和多克隆测定法均已问世。为了将病理肿瘤分期与PSA水平相关联，已发现较高分期（病理分期C1、C2、D1和D2）的肿瘤与PSA水平升高有关。在良性前列腺疾病（良性前列腺增生和前列腺炎）患者中也发现PSA水平升高。PSA已被证明是前列腺根治性切除术后以及放疗监测的极佳标志物。术后PSA水平持续升高超过6个月的患者，应评估是否存在残留或复发性局部或全身性疾病。迄今为止，将PSA检测作为前列腺癌大规模筛查方式的常规应用尚未被认为具有成本效益。
