Kamath Ajay V, Chhajed Prashant N
Respiratory Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK.
Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 2006 Oct-Dec;48(4):265-9.
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths and the incidence is rising. Most patients with lung cancer present to the clinician in a fairly advanced stage and at best only 25-30% of patients can be offered curative resection. Screening tests using sputum cytology and chest radiograph have been used with limited success. Value of low dose spiral CT scan as screening tool for lung cancer is being evaluated and its limitations include high costs, need for repeated scanning and necessity to obtain histological confirmation with additional procedures. There have been significant advances in the early diagnosis of lung cancer in high risk patient groups using bronchoscopic methods such as white light bronchoscopy, autofluorescence bronchoscopy, high magnification bronchoscopy, narrow band imaging and endobronchial ultrasound. These techniques appear to be promising tools as they might allow to visualise changes of early lung cancer and also permit sampling for histological confirmation.
肺癌是癌症死亡的主要原因，且发病率正在上升。大多数肺癌患者就诊时已处于相当晚期，最多只有25% - 30%的患者能够接受根治性切除。使用痰细胞学和胸部X光片的筛查试验效果有限。低剂量螺旋CT扫描作为肺癌筛查工具的价值正在评估中，其局限性包括成本高、需要重复扫描以及必须通过额外程序获得组织学确诊。在高危患者群体中，使用白光支气管镜检查、自发荧光支气管镜检查、高倍支气管镜检查、窄带成像和支气管内超声等支气管镜方法在肺癌早期诊断方面取得了重大进展。这些技术似乎是很有前景的工具，因为它们可能使早期肺癌的变化可视化，还能进行采样以获得组织学确诊。
