Temple Viviene A, Frey Georgia C, Stanish Heidi I
School of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, PO Box 3015 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P1, Canada.
Am J Health Promot. 2006 Sep-Oct;21(1):2-12. doi: 10.1177/089011710602100103.
To characterize physical activity levels of adults with mental retardation and identify limitations in published research.
Key word searches for "mental retardation," "intellectual disability," "learning disability," or "developmental disability" combined with "physical activity" or "habitual exercise" identified articles from MEDLINE, Academic Search Elite, Psych Articles, Health Source, and SPORT Discus. This produced a total of 801 citations.
Published English-language literature that quantitatively measured physical activity levels of adults with mental retardation was included in this review. Fourteen articles met this criterion.
Characteristics of participants, study design, outcome measures, methods of analyses, and findings in terms of percentages, step counts, and accelerometer output were extracted.
Data were synthesized to identify the percentage of adults with mental retardation who met published health-related physical activity criteria and compare them with adults without mental retardation and to examine study limitations.
The studies with the greatest rigor indicate that one-third of adults or fewer with mental retardation were sufficiently active to achieve health benefits. However, data are insufficient to determine whether adults with mental retardation are less active than the general community.
Future research would be enhanced by including appropriately powered representative samples, by including comparison groups, by validating physical activity questionnaires, and by determining the accuracy of proxy respondents.
描述智力发育迟缓成年人的身体活动水平，并找出已发表研究中的局限性。
通过在MEDLINE、Academic Search Elite、Psych Articles、Health Source和SPORT Discus中检索关键词“智力发育迟缓”“智力残疾”“学习障碍”或“发育障碍”并结合“身体活动”或“习惯性运动”，共检索出801篇文献。
本综述纳入了以定量方式测量智力发育迟缓成年人身体活动水平的已发表英文文献。共有14篇文章符合这一标准。
提取了参与者特征、研究设计、结果测量、分析方法以及在百分比、步数和加速度计输出方面的研究结果。
对数据进行综合分析，以确定达到已发表的与健康相关身体活动标准的智力发育迟缓成年人的比例，并将他们与无智力发育迟缓的成年人进行比较，同时检查研究的局限性。
最严格的研究表明，只有三分之一或更少的智力发育迟缓成年人有足够的身体活动以获得健康益处。然而，数据不足以确定智力发育迟缓成年人的身体活动是否比普通人群少。
未来的研究可通过纳入有足够样本量的代表性样本、设立对照组、验证身体活动问卷以及确定代理受访者的准确性来加以改进。
