Doroski Derek M, Brink Kelly S, Temenoff Johnna S
Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, 313 Ferst Dr., Room 2112, Atlanta, GA 30332-0535, USA.
Biomaterials. 2007 Jan;28(2):187-202. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.08.040. Epub 2006 Sep 18.
Injuries to tendons and ligaments are prevalent and result in a significant decrease in quality of patient life. Tissue-engineering strategies hold promise as alternatives to current treatments for these injuries, which often fail to fully restore proper joint biomechanics and produce significant donor site morbidity. Commonly, tissue engineering involves the use of a three-dimensional scaffold seeded with cells that can be directed to form tendon/ligament tissue. When determining the success of such approaches, the viability and proliferation of the cells in the construct, as well as extracellular matrix production and structure should be taken into account. Histology and histochemistry, microscopy, colorimetric assays, and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) are techniques that are employed to assess these biological characteristics. This review provides an overview of each of these methods, including specific examples of how they have been used in evaluation of tissue-engineered tendon and ligament tissue. Basic physical principles underlying each method and advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques are summarized.
肌腱和韧带损伤很常见，会导致患者生活质量显著下降。组织工程策略有望成为这些损伤当前治疗方法的替代方案，因为当前治疗方法往往无法完全恢复正常的关节生物力学，且会产生明显的供体部位并发症。通常，组织工程涉及使用接种细胞的三维支架，这些细胞可被引导形成肌腱/韧带组织。在确定此类方法的成功与否时，应考虑构建体中细胞的活力和增殖情况，以及细胞外基质的产生和结构。组织学和组织化学、显微镜检查、比色测定法以及实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）是用于评估这些生物学特性的技术。本综述概述了每种方法，包括它们在评估组织工程化肌腱和韧带组织中如何使用的具体示例。总结了每种方法的基本物理原理以及各种技术的优缺点。
