Miller G J, Brawer M K, Sakr W A, Thrasher J B, Townsend R
Rev Urol. 2001;3 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S11-9.
The detection of prostate cancer, its clinical staging, and the prediction of its prognosis remain topics of paramount importance in clinical management. The digital rectal exam, although once the "gold standard," has been largely supplanted by a variety of techniques including serum and tissue-based assays. This article reviews recent progress in the development of prostate-specific antigen assays with greater specificity; molecular markers for prostate cancer (DNA ploidy, nuclear morphometry, markers of proliferation, and cell adhesion molecules); the link between vitamin D deficiency and the clinical emergence of prostate cancer; the possible correlation of serum insulin-like growth factor levels with the risk for developing prostate cancer; and the latest advances in radiologic staging.
前列腺癌的检测、临床分期及其预后预测仍然是临床管理中至关重要的课题。直肠指检虽然曾是“金标准”，但如今已在很大程度上被包括血清和组织检测在内的多种技术所取代。本文综述了前列腺特异性抗原检测技术在提高特异性方面的最新进展；前列腺癌的分子标志物（DNA倍体、核形态计量学、增殖标志物和细胞黏附分子）；维生素D缺乏与前列腺癌临床发生之间的联系；血清胰岛素样生长因子水平与患前列腺癌风险之间可能存在的相关性；以及放射学分期方面的最新进展。
