Goodwin Arthur H, Wells Joann K, Foss Robert D, Williams Allan F
Highway Safety Research Center, University of North Carolina, 730 Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd., Campus Box 3430, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3430, USA.
J Safety Res. 2006;37(4):343-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2006.05.004. Epub 2006 Sep 20.
Although graduated driver licensing (GDL) programs have reduced the high crash rates for 16-and 17-year-old drivers, research suggests that some teenagers fail to comply with restrictions on nighttime driving and carrying passengers.
A program to encourage compliance with GDL restrictions and seat belt requirements was implemented in Guilford County, North Carolina. The program combined increased enforcement with a multi-faceted publicity campaign drawing attention to the enforcement activity. A comparison community was studied to assess whether changes over time could be reasonably attributed to the program.
Several measures indicate that greater enforcement did occur in the intervention community and that teenagers perceived the increase. However, self-reported data and direct observations of young drivers in the intervention and comparison communities showed the program resulted in only modest changes in compliance with GDL restrictions.
The program put in place the mechanisms known to produce changes in driver behavior, but these may have been insufficient to alter the behavior of the minority of teenagers (and parents) who were not already complying with restrictions. However, the modest changes in young driver behavior plus the clear changes in both actual and perceived enforcement suggest that high visibility enforcement programs merit further use and evaluation in other communities, particularly those where compliance with GDL provisions is lower than in Guilford County.
尽管分级驾驶员执照（GDL）计划降低了16岁和17岁驾驶员的高事故率，但研究表明，一些青少年未能遵守夜间驾驶和搭载乘客的限制规定。
在北卡罗来纳州吉尔福德县实施了一项鼓励遵守GDL限制规定和安全带要求的计划。该计划将加强执法与多方面的宣传活动相结合，以引起人们对执法活动的关注。对一个对照社区进行了研究，以评估随着时间的推移发生的变化是否可以合理地归因于该计划。
多项措施表明，干预社区确实加强了执法力度，青少年也察觉到了这种增加。然而，干预社区和对照社区中年轻驾驶员的自我报告数据和直接观察结果显示，该计划仅使遵守GDL限制规定的情况有适度变化。
该计划建立了已知能改变驾驶员行为的机制，但这些机制可能不足以改变少数尚未遵守限制规定的青少年（和家长）的行为。然而，年轻驾驶员行为的适度变化以及实际执法和感知执法方面的明显变化表明，高曝光度的执法计划值得在其他社区进一步应用和评估，特别是那些遵守GDL规定情况低于吉尔福德县的社区。
