Alonso Roberto, Mazzeo Carla, Mérida Isabel, Izquierdo Manuel
Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Medicina, Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
Biochimie. 2007 Feb;89(2):213-21. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.07.018. Epub 2006 Aug 22.
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles that intracellularly accumulate into late or multivesicular endosomes (multivesicular bodies, MVB). Exosomes have a particular lipid and protein content, reflecting their origin as intraluminal vesicles of late endosomes. The stimulation of several hematopoietic cells induces the fusion of the limiting membrane of the MVB with the plasma membrane, leading to the release of exosomes towards the extracellular environment. In T lymphocytes, stimulation of the T cell receptor (TCR) induces the fusion of the MVBs with the plasma membrane and exosomes carrying several bio-active proteins are secreted. Among these proteins, the pro-apoptotic protein Fas ligand (FasL) is released as a non-proteolysed form (mFasL), associated to the exosomes. These mFasL-bearing exosomes may trigger the apoptosis of T lymphocytes. Here, we present evidences supporting a role of diacylglycerol kinase alpha (DGKalpha), a diacylglycerol (DAG)-consuming enzyme, on the secretion of exosomes carrying mFasL, and the subsequent activation-induced cell death (AICD) on a T cell line and primary T lymphoblasts.
外泌体是小的膜泡,在细胞内积聚于晚期或多泡内体(多泡体,MVB)中。外泌体具有特定的脂质和蛋白质成分,反映了它们作为晚期内体腔内囊泡的起源。几种造血细胞的刺激会诱导MVB的限制膜与质膜融合,导致外泌体释放到细胞外环境中。在T淋巴细胞中,T细胞受体(TCR)的刺激会诱导MVB与质膜融合,并分泌携带多种生物活性蛋白的外泌体。在这些蛋白质中,促凋亡蛋白Fas配体(FasL)以非蛋白水解形式(mFasL)释放,并与外泌体相关联。这些携带mFasL的外泌体可能会引发T淋巴细胞的凋亡。在此,我们提供证据支持二酰基甘油激酶α(DGKα)(一种消耗二酰基甘油(DAG)的酶)在携带mFasL的外泌体分泌以及随后在T细胞系和原代T淋巴母细胞上的活化诱导细胞死亡(AICD)中所起的作用。
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