Neves Walter A, Hubbe Mark, Piló Luís Beethoven
Laboratório de Estudos Evolutivos Humanos, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, C.P. 11461, 05422.970 São Paulo, Brazil.
J Hum Evol. 2007 Jan;52(1):16-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.07.012. Epub 2006 Aug 8.
In this work, we present new evidence supporting the idea that the first Americans were very distinct from late and recent Native Americans and Asians in terms of cranial morphology. The study is based on 30 early Holocene specimens recovered from Sumidouro Cave (Lagoa Santa region, central Brazil) by Peter Lund in 1843. Sumidouro is the largest known collection of Paleoindian skulls deriving from a single site. Six different multivariate statistical methods were applied to assess the morphological affinities of the Sumidouro skulls in comparison to Howells' worldwide extant series and late archaic Brazilian series (Base Aérea and Tapera). The results show a clear association between Sumidouro and Australo-Melanesians and none with late Asian and Amerindian series. These results are in accordance with those of previous studies of final Pleistocene/early Holocene human skulls from South, Central, and North America, attesting to a colonization of the New World by at least two different, succeeding biological populations: an early one with a cranial morphology similar to that found today in the African and Australian continents, and a later one with a morphology similar to that found today among northeastern Asians.
在这项研究中，我们提供了新的证据，支持首批美洲人在颅骨形态方面与晚期及近代美洲原住民和亚洲人截然不同的观点。该研究基于彼得·伦德于1843年从苏米杜鲁洞穴（巴西中部拉戈阿圣塔地区）发掘出的30个全新世早期标本。苏米杜鲁是已知来自单一地点的最大一批古印第安人头骨收藏。我们运用了六种不同的多元统计方法，将苏米杜鲁头骨的形态亲缘关系与豪威尔斯的全球现存系列以及巴西晚期古代系列（空军基地和塔佩拉）进行比较。结果显示，苏米杜鲁头骨与澳大利亚 - 美拉尼西亚人有明显关联，与晚期亚洲人和美洲印第安人系列则无关联。这些结果与之前对南美洲、中美洲和北美洲末次更新世/全新世早期人类头骨的研究结果一致，证明新大陆至少被两个不同的、相继的生物群体殖民：早期群体的颅骨形态与现今在非洲和澳大利亚大陆发现的相似，后期群体的形态与现今在东北亚人中发现的相似。
