Mauduit C, Florin A, Amara S, Bozec A, Siddeek B, Cunha S, Meunier L, Selva J, Albert M, Vialard F, Bailly M, Benahmed M
Inserm U407, faculté de médecine Lyon-Sud, BP 12, 69 921 Oullins, France.
Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2006 Oct;34(10):978-84. doi: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2006.08.010. Epub 2006 Sep 25.
Several epidemiologic studies have demonstrated during the last 50 years an increased incidence in testis cancer, male genital tract malformations (cryptorchidism and hypospadias) and a decrease in sperm quality in men. These three pathologies seem to be linked and to belong to the testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS). It was suggested that TDS is a consequence of intra-uterine exposure to environmental compounds that disrupt the metabolism of native hormones. Such substances are so called endocrine disruptors (EDs). EDs are present in our daily environment such as food and water (through the use of pesticides), cosmetics, house-care products etc. Experimental models have been carried out to (i) establish a link between EDs exposure and SDT and (ii) identify the mechanisms that are involved in. After a brief definition of EDs and having underlined the importance of the window of exposure to EDs, several mechanisms will be described such as (i) intergenerational transmission (epigenetic), (ii) programmed cell death of testicular cells, (iii) modification of the androgenic signal and (iv) role of the germ cells-nourishing cells. To conclude, we will try to propose some biomarkers that would be useful to identify the potential link between fetal exposure to anti-androgenic EDs and male testicular pathology.
在过去50年里，多项流行病学研究表明，男性睾丸癌、男性生殖道畸形（隐睾症和尿道下裂）的发病率有所上升，精子质量有所下降。这三种病症似乎相互关联，都属于睾丸发育不全综合征（TDS）。有人认为，TDS是子宫内接触破坏天然激素代谢的环境化合物的结果。这类物质被称为内分泌干扰物（EDs）。EDs存在于我们的日常环境中，如食物和水（通过使用杀虫剂）、化妆品、家居护理产品等。已经开展了实验模型来（i）建立EDs暴露与SDT之间的联系，以及（ii）确定其中涉及的机制。在对EDs进行简要定义并强调EDs暴露窗口期的重要性之后，将描述几种机制，如（i）代际传递（表观遗传）、（ii）睾丸细胞的程序性细胞死亡、（iii）雄激素信号的改变以及（iv）生殖细胞与滋养细胞的作用。最后，我们将尝试提出一些生物标志物，这些标志物有助于识别胎儿暴露于抗雄激素EDs与男性睾丸病理之间的潜在联系。
