Duan Shumin, Neary Joseph T
Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
Research Service, Miami VA Medical Center, Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Neuroscience Program, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
Glia. 2006 Nov 15;54(7):738-746. doi: 10.1002/glia.20397.
Among seven members of P2X ionotropic receptors activated by extracellular ATP, the P2X(7) subtype is unique in that it can function as a cation channel, a nonselective pore, or even a signaling complex coupled with multiple downstream components. Several roles of P2X(7) receptors have been described in CNS cells in the past decade, including release of cytokines and transmitters, modulation of presynaptic transmitter release, and activation of multiple signaling pathways. The finding that P2X(7) pores may directly mediate efflux of cytosolic glutamate, GABA, and ATP in glial cells is particularly interesting, as it provides a novel mechanism of glial transmitter release that may play important roles not only in physiological intercellular communication but also in pathological neural injury.
在由细胞外ATP激活的7种P2X离子型受体成员中，P2X(7)亚型独具特色，因为它可以作为阳离子通道、非选择性孔道，甚至是与多个下游成分偶联的信号复合体发挥作用。在过去十年中，P2X(7)受体在中枢神经系统细胞中的几种作用已被描述，包括细胞因子和神经递质的释放、突触前神经递质释放的调节以及多种信号通路的激活。P2X(7)孔道可能直接介导神经胶质细胞中胞质谷氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸和ATP的外流这一发现尤其有趣，因为它提供了一种神经胶质递质释放的新机制，这一机制可能不仅在生理性细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用，而且在病理性神经损伤中也发挥重要作用。
