MacKinnon Dean F, Craighead Brandie, Hoehn-Saric Rudolf
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
J Affect Disord. 2007 Apr;99(1-3):45-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2006.08.029. Epub 2006 Sep 26.
Frequent bipolar/panic comorbidity implies bipolar individuals may experience CO2-provoked anxiety and changes in respiratory patterns similar to those experienced by individuals with panic disorder.
16 euthymic bipolar individuals breathed air and air combined with 5% CO2 for 15 min each. Respiratory and subjective anxiety measures were collected.
On CO2 subjects were more anxious and breathed more deeply and rapidly than with air; the degree of increase in anxiety attributable to CO2 was directly correlated with the degree of increase in minute ventilation. Five individuals were assessed as having a panic attack. Panic response to CO2 was predicted by the degree of anxiety experienced with air alone.
Comparison with the results of similar panic studies shows bipolar disorder is associated with enhanced respiratory response to CO2. Hypersensitivity to CO2 among bipolar individuals suggests a possible pathological mechanism common to both bipolar and panic disorders. These preliminary data support the expanded application of CO2 challenges in bipolar subjects.
双相情感障碍/惊恐障碍的频繁共病意味着双相情感障碍患者可能会经历二氧化碳诱发的焦虑以及呼吸模式的改变,这与惊恐障碍患者所经历的相似。
16名心境正常的双相情感障碍患者分别呼吸空气以及与5%二氧化碳混合的空气,每次持续15分钟。收集呼吸和主观焦虑指标。
与呼吸空气相比,呼吸含二氧化碳的空气时,受试者更焦虑,呼吸更深更快;二氧化碳导致的焦虑增加程度与每分通气量的增加程度直接相关。5名受试者被评估为发生了惊恐发作。仅呼吸空气时的焦虑程度可预测对二氧化碳的惊恐反应。
与类似惊恐研究的结果相比,双相情感障碍与对二氧化碳的呼吸反应增强有关。双相情感障碍患者对二氧化碳的超敏反应提示双相情感障碍和惊恐障碍可能存在共同的病理机制。这些初步数据支持在双相情感障碍患者中扩大应用二氧化碳激发试验。