Elliott Mark A, Shi Zhuanghua, Kelly Sean D
Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2006 Oct;18(10):1663-5. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2006.18.10.1663.
How does neuronal activity bring about the interpretation of visual space in terms of objects or complex perceptual events? If they group, simple visual features can bring about the integration of spikes from neurons responding to different features to within a few milliseconds. Considered as a potential solution to the "binding problem," it is suggested that neuronal synchronization is the glue for binding together different features of the same object. This idea receives some support from correlated- and periodic-stimulus motion paradigms, both of which suggest that the segregation of a figure from ground is a direct result of the temporal correlation of visual signals. One could say that perception of a highly correlated visual structure permits space to be bound in time. However, on closer analysis, the concept of perceptual synchrony is insufficient to explain the conditions under which events will be seen as simultaneous. Instead, the grouping effects ascribed to perceptual synchrony are better explained in terms of the intervals of time over which stimulus events integrate and seem to occur simultaneously. This point is supported by the equivalence of some of these measures with well-established estimates of the perceptual moment. However, it is time in extension and not the instantaneous that may best describe how seemingly simultaneous features group. This means that studies of perceptual synchrony are insufficient to address the binding problem.
神经元活动是如何根据物体或复杂的感知事件来实现对视觉空间的解读的？如果进行分组，简单的视觉特征能够在几毫秒内实现对响应不同特征的神经元发放脉冲的整合。作为解决“捆绑问题”的一种潜在方案，有人提出神经元同步是将同一物体的不同特征捆绑在一起的粘合剂。这一观点从相关刺激和周期性刺激运动范式中得到了一些支持，这两种范式都表明图形与背景的分离是视觉信号时间相关性的直接结果。可以说，对高度相关视觉结构的感知使得空间在时间上得以捆绑。然而，经过更深入的分析，感知同步的概念不足以解释在何种条件下事件会被视为同时发生。相反，归因于感知同步的分组效应，用刺激事件整合并似乎同时发生的时间间隔来解释会更好。这一点得到了其中一些测量方法与已确立的感知时刻估计值等效性的支持。然而，可能最能描述看似同时出现的特征如何分组的是时间的延续性而非瞬间性。这意味着对感知同步的研究不足以解决捆绑问题。
