Frantz Adrien, Plantegenest Manuel, Simon Jean-Christophe
INRA-UMR, Biologie des Organismes et des Populations appliquée à la Protection des Plantes BiO3P, Domaine de la Motte-au-Vicomte, BP 35327, 35653 Le Rheu Cedex, France.
Proc Biol Sci. 2006 Nov 22;273(1603):2887-91. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2006.3665.
The evolutionary maintenance of sex, despite competition from asexual reproduction, has long intrigued the evolutionary biologists owing to its numerous apparent short-term costs. In aphids, winter climate is expected to determine the maintenance of sexual lineages in the high latitude zones owing to their exclusive ability to produce frost-resistant eggs. However, diverse reproductive modes may coexist at a local scale where climatic influence is counteracted by microgeographical factors. In this study, we tested the influence of local habitat characteristics on regional coexistence of reproductive modes in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. In the laboratory, the induction of sexual morph production of many pea aphid genotypes from the local fields of annual (pea and faba bean) and perennial (alfalfa and red clover) crops in Western France indicated that A. pisum lineages from annual crops had a significantly higher investment in sexual reproduction than A. pisum lineages from the perennial hosts. We propose that temporal habitat variability exerts a selective pressure to maintain the sexual reproduction in A. pisum. The ecological and evolutionary consequences of the association between the mode of reproduction and the host population on gene flow restriction and on ecological specialization are discussed.
尽管存在来自无性繁殖的竞争，但有性生殖的进化维持长期以来一直吸引着进化生物学家，因为它存在众多明显的短期代价。在蚜虫中，由于其具有产生抗冻卵的独特能力，冬季气候预计会决定高纬度地区有性谱系的维持。然而，在局部尺度上，多种繁殖模式可能会共存，其中气候影响会被微观地理因素抵消。在本研究中，我们测试了当地栖息地特征对豌豆蚜（Acyrthosiphon pisum）繁殖模式区域共存的影响。在实验室中，对来自法国西部一年生（豌豆和蚕豆）和多年生（苜蓿和红三叶草）作物当地田块的许多豌豆蚜基因型进行有性型诱导，结果表明，来自一年生作物的豌豆蚜谱系在有性生殖方面的投入显著高于来自多年生寄主的豌豆蚜谱系。我们提出，时间上的栖息地变异性对维持豌豆蚜的有性生殖施加了选择压力。本文还讨论了繁殖模式与寄主种群之间的关联对基因流限制和生态特化的生态及进化后果。
