Arditi Hadar, Feldman Ruth, Eidelman Arthur I
Gonda Brain Sciences Center and Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
Dev Psychobiol. 2006 Nov;48(7):561-73. doi: 10.1002/dev.20150.
In two experiments we examined the effects of human contact and vagal regulation on newborns' pain reactivity and visual attention. Baseline cardiac vagal tone was measured during quiet sleep and during the experiment, and vagal withdrawal was indexed as change in vagal tone from baseline to pain (study 1) or attention (study 2). In study 1, 62 healthy newborns were videotaped during a heel-prick procedure and pain reactivity was assessed from micro-level coding of facial expressions, cry behavior, and body movements. Infants were randomly assigned to a contact condition, held by a female assistant, or a no contact condition, on an infant-seat in a similar angle. In study 2, 62 additional healthy newborns, randomly assigned to contact and noncontact conditions, were presented with 2 visual stimuli for a 60 s familiarization period, which were then paired with a novel stimulus. Visual interest, alertness, and novelty preference were coded. Human contact had no effect on the newborns' pain response. Visual attention increased with human contact and newborns in the contact condition looked at the stimuli more frequently, with higher alertness, for longer durations, and had a higher novelty preference. Autonomic reactivity-as indexed by vagal withdrawal-differentiated newborns with intense and mild pain response. Discussion focused on proximity to conspecifics as a contributor to emerging regulatory and adaptive functioning in the human infant.
在两项实验中，我们研究了人际接触和迷走神经调节对新生儿疼痛反应性和视觉注意力的影响。在安静睡眠期间和实验过程中测量基线心脏迷走神经张力，迷走神经退缩被定义为从基线到疼痛（研究1）或注意力（研究2）期间迷走神经张力的变化。在研究1中，62名健康新生儿在足跟采血过程中被录像，通过对面部表情、哭声行为和身体动作的微观层面编码来评估疼痛反应性。婴儿被随机分配到接触条件组（由一名女性助手抱着）或非接触条件组，坐在角度相似的婴儿座椅上。在研究2中，另外62名健康新生儿被随机分配到接触和非接触条件组，在60秒的熟悉期内呈现2种视觉刺激，然后与一种新刺激配对。对视觉兴趣、警觉性和新奇偏好进行编码。人际接触对新生儿的疼痛反应没有影响。视觉注意力随着人际接触而增加，接触条件组的新生儿更频繁地注视刺激，警觉性更高，注视时间更长，并且有更高的新奇偏好。通过迷走神经退缩来衡量的自主反应性区分了有强烈和轻微疼痛反应的新生儿。讨论集中在与同种个体的亲近程度对人类婴儿新兴调节和适应功能的贡献上。
