Máthé A, Vörös K, Papp L, Reiczigel J
Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, H-1400 Budapest, P.O. Box 2, Hungary.
Acta Vet Hung. 2006 Sep;54(3):367-85. doi: 10.1556/AVet.54.2006.3.7.
Clinical observations of Babesia canis infection in 63 dogs during a 1-year period are summarised, demonstrating the pathogenicity of the Babesia strain endemic in Hungary. Most patients had babesiosis in the spring and autumn, correlating with the seasonal activity of ticks. Male animals appeared in higher numbers, probably due to an overrepresentation of outdoor dogs. Uncomplicated babesiosis was diagnosed in 32 cases. The disease affected dogs of any age in this study. Symptoms were similar to those published from other parts of the world: lethargy, fever, splenomegaly, pallor, icterus, haemoglobinuria and presence of ticks were the most common observations. Thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia and neutropenia were frequent haemogram changes. Imidocarb appeared to be highly effective in eliminating the Babesia infection. Thirty-one animals demonstrated babesiosis with complications. Most Rottweilers (7/9) developed complicated disease. Old age was a risk factor for multiple complications. Multiple organ manifestations had poor prognosis. Hepatopathy (44%), pancreatitis (33%), acute renal failure (ARF; 31%) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC; 24%) were frequent complications, while immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA; 10%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS; 6%) and cerebral babesiosis (3%) were rarely observed. There was a significant difference between the mean age of dogs having uncomplicated disease, babesiosis with a single complication and babesiosis with multiple complications (3.4, 4.8 and 8.6 years, respectively, p < 0.001). The recovery rate (78, 68 and 25%, respectively, p = 0.005) and mortality rate (3, 21 and 67%, respectively, p < 0.001) also tended to differ significantly in these groups. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and DIC are two possible pathways leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in babesiosis. DIC was found to predict MODS more sensitively in this study than SIRS: there were 6 animals developing MODS out of 11 identified with DIC, while only 5 dogs developed MODS out of 22 having SIRS.
总结了63只犬在1年期间感染犬巴贝斯虫的临床观察结果，证明了匈牙利地方流行的巴贝斯虫菌株的致病性。大多数病例在春季和秋季发生巴贝斯虫病，这与蜱的季节性活动相关。雄性动物发病数量较多，可能是由于户外犬比例过高。32例被诊断为无并发症的巴贝斯虫病。在本研究中，该病可影响任何年龄的犬。症状与世界其他地区报道的相似：嗜睡、发热、脾肿大、苍白、黄疸、血红蛋白尿和发现蜱是最常见的表现。血小板减少、淋巴细胞减少和中性粒细胞减少是常见的血液学变化。咪唑苯脲似乎对消除巴贝斯虫感染非常有效。31只动物表现为有并发症的巴贝斯虫病。大多数罗威纳犬（7/9）发生了复杂疾病。老龄是发生多种并发症的危险因素。多器官表现预后不良。肝病（44%）、胰腺炎（33%）、急性肾衰竭（ARF；31%）和弥散性血管内凝血（DIC；24%）是常见并发症，而免疫介导的溶血性贫血（IMHA；10%）、急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS；6%）和脑巴贝斯虫病（3%）很少见。患无并发症疾病、有单一并发症的巴贝斯虫病和有多种并发症的巴贝斯虫病的犬的平均年龄之间存在显著差异（分别为3.4、4.8和8.6岁，p<0.001）。这些组的恢复率（分别为78%、68%和25%，p = 0.005）和死亡率（分别为3%、21%和67%，p<0.001）也有显著差异。全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）和DIC是巴贝斯虫病中导致多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）的两条可能途径。在本研究中，发现DIC比SIRS更能敏感地预测MODS：在11例确诊为DIC的动物中有6只发生了MODS，而在22例有SIRS的动物中只有5只发生了MODS。
