Penn Derek C, Povinelli Daniel J
Cognitive Evolution Group, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504, USA.
Annu Rev Psychol. 2007;58:97-118. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085555.
In this article, we review some of the most provocative experimental results to have emerged from comparative labs in the past few years, starting with research focusing on contingency learning and finishing with experiments exploring nonhuman animals' understanding of causal-logical relations. Although the theoretical explanation for these results is often inchoate, a clear pattern nevertheless emerges. The comparative evidence does not fit comfortably into either the traditional associationist or inferential alternatives that have dominated comparative debate for many decades now. Indeed, the similarities and differences between human and nonhuman causal cognition seem to be much more multifarious than these dichotomous alternatives allow.
在本文中，我们回顾了过去几年中比较实验室得出的一些最具启发性的实验结果，从专注于偶然性学习的研究开始，到探索非人类动物对因果逻辑关系理解的实验结束。尽管对这些结果的理论解释往往并不完善，但一个清晰的模式还是显现出来了。比较证据并不容易契合传统的联想主义或推理主义的解释，而这两种解释已经主导了几十年的比较研究辩论。事实上，人类和非人类因果认知之间的异同似乎比这些二分法所允许的要复杂得多。
