Romano Juan E, Thompson James A, Kraemer Duane C, Westhusin Mark E, Forrest David W, Tomaszweski Michael A
Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
Theriogenology. 2007 Feb;67(3):486-93. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.08.011. Epub 2006 Oct 9.
The objective was to estimate the effect of palpation per rectum (for early pregnancy diagnosis) on embryo/fetal viability in dairy cattle. A controlled, randomized block-design experiment with two blocks, one by category, and the other by number of embryos, was conducted. Five-hundred-and-twenty pregnant dairy cows and heifers with a viable embryo detected by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) between days 29 and 32 after AI were included. The pregnant females were randomly allocated into two nearly equal groups: palpation per rectum (PAL group; n=258) and no palpation per rectum (NPAL group; n=262). The PAL group was submitted to palpation per rectum (PPR) using the fetal membrane slip (FMS) technique once between days 34 and 41 of pregnancy. The fetal membrane slip consisted of compressing the pregnant uterine horn and allowing the chorioallantoic membrane to slip between the fingers. Both groups were submitted to two additional TRUS at days 45 and 60 of pregnancy, to monitor the potential immediate and delayed deleterious effects of PPR on embryo and fetal viability, respectively. A diagnosis of embryo/fetal death was made when there was no embryo/fetal heart beat or the absence of positive signs of pregnancy in an animal previously diagnosed pregnant, or the presence of signs of embryo/fetal degeneration. The overall rate of embryo/fetal death was 14.0% (73/520). Embryonic death (10%; 52/520) was higher than fetal death (4.5%; 21/468; P<0.001). Embryo/fetal mortality was higher in cows (16.4%; 59/360) than in heifers (8.8%; 14/160; P<0.025) and in cattle with twin (25.5%; 12/47) versus singleton pregnancies (12.9%; 61/473; P<0.025), but was not different (P>0.05) between PAL (14.7%; 38/258) and NPAL (13.4%; 35/262). In conclusion, PPR between days 34 and 41 of pregnancy using the fetal membrane slip technique did not affect embryo/fetal viability.
目的是评估经直肠触诊（用于早期妊娠诊断）对奶牛胚胎/胎儿活力的影响。进行了一项对照随机区组设计实验，分为两个区组，一个按类别划分，另一个按胚胎数量划分。纳入了520头怀孕的奶牛和小母牛，这些牛在人工授精后第29至32天经直肠超声检查（TRUS）检测到有存活胚胎。将怀孕的母牛随机分为两个几乎相等的组：经直肠触诊组（PAL组；n = 258）和未经直肠触诊组（NPAL组；n = 262）。PAL组在妊娠第34至41天之间使用胎膜滑动（FMS）技术进行一次经直肠触诊（PPR）。胎膜滑动包括挤压怀孕的子宫角，使绒毛膜尿囊膜在手指间滑动。两组在妊娠第45天和60天分别进行另外两次TRUS检查，以监测PPR对胚胎和胎儿活力的潜在即时和延迟有害影响。当动物先前被诊断为怀孕但没有胚胎/胎儿心跳或没有怀孕的阳性体征，或者出现胚胎/胎儿退化迹象时，诊断为胚胎/胎儿死亡。胚胎/胎儿死亡的总体发生率为14.0%（73/520）。胚胎死亡（10%；52/520）高于胎儿死亡（4.5%；21/468；P<0.001）。母牛的胚胎/胎儿死亡率（16.4%；59/360）高于小母牛（8.8%；14/160；P<0.025），双胎妊娠牛（25.5%；12/47）高于单胎妊娠牛（12.9%；61/473；P<0.025），但PAL组（14.7%；38/258）和NPAL组（13.4%；35/262）之间没有差异（P>0.05）。总之，在妊娠第34至41天使用胎膜滑动技术进行经直肠触诊不会影响胚胎/胎儿活力。
