Prida Andrei, Puech Jean-Louis
Unité Mixte de Recherche Science pour l'Oenologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France.
J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Oct 18;54(21):8115-26. doi: 10.1021/jf0616098.
The chemical composition of East European (Republic of Moldova, Ukraine, and Romania) oaks was investigated profoundly for the first time in the present study and compared with American and French counterparts. Taking into account the high natural variability of oak extractives contents, the wide-ranging sampling was performed for all oak origins: 276 French oaks, 102 East European oaks of both species (Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea Liebl.), and 56 American oaks (Quercus alba). These oaks were compared with great attention paid to the extractives, which are most important for sensorial impact in wine or spirit maturation, such as ellagitannins and principal odorant substances (aromatic aldehydes, lactones and phenols). The substances in question were studied by application of HPLC and GC-MS techniques. The pattern of all studied extractive contents allowed adequate separation of oak samples according to their geographical origin or botanical species. The highest separation rate was for American and French oaks, whereas East European samples could be partially misclassified in two sets mentioned above. The most important variables for species discrimination were whiskey lactone related variables and ellagitannins, whereas the most important features for distinguishing the origin were eugenol, 2-phenylethanol, vanillin, and syringaldehyde. These substances allowed the distinction of French and East European woods of the same species. With regard to chemical composition, East European wood held the intermediary place between American and French oaks according to their ellagitannin and whiskey lactone levels; nevertheless, it was characterized by specific high values of eugenol, aromatic aldehydes, and 2-phenylethanol.
本研究首次对东欧（摩尔多瓦共和国、乌克兰和罗马尼亚）橡木的化学成分进行了深入研究，并与美国和法国的橡木进行了比较。考虑到橡木提取物含量的自然变异性很大，对所有橡木来源进行了广泛采样：276棵法国橡木、102棵两种东欧橡木（欧洲栓皮栎和夏栎）以及56棵美国橡木（白栎）。对这些橡木进行了比较，特别关注了提取物，这些提取物对葡萄酒或烈酒陈酿中的感官影响最为重要，例如鞣花单宁和主要气味物质（芳香醛、内酯和酚类）。通过应用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）和气相色谱 - 质谱联用技术（GC - MS）对这些物质进行了研究。所有研究的提取物含量模式能够根据橡木样本的地理来源或植物种类进行充分分离。美国和法国橡木的分离率最高，而东欧样本可能会在上述两组中被部分误分类。用于区分物种的最重要变量是与威士忌内酯相关的变量和鞣花单宁，而区分产地的最重要特征是丁香酚、2 - 苯乙醇、香草醛和丁香醛。这些物质能够区分同一物种的法国和东欧木材。在化学成分方面，根据鞣花单宁和威士忌内酯水平，东欧木材在美国橡木和法国橡木之间处于中间位置；然而，它的特点是丁香酚、芳香醛和2 - 苯乙醇具有特定的高值。
