Cortés Berenice, Núñez Isabel, Cofán Montserrat, Gilabert Rosa, Pérez-Heras Ana, Casals Elena, Deulofeu Ramón, Ros Emilio
Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006 Oct 17;48(8):1666-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.06.057. Epub 2006 Sep 26.
We sought to investigate whether the addition of walnuts or olive oil to a fatty meal have differential effects on postprandial vasoactivity, lipoproteins, markers of oxidation and endothelial activation, and plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA).
Compared with a Mediterranean diet, a walnut diet has been shown to improve endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic patients. We hypothesized that walnuts would reverse postprandial endothelial dysfunction associated with consumption of a fatty meal.
We randomized in a crossover design 12 healthy subjects and 12 patients with hypercholesterolemia to 2 high-fat meal sequences to which 25 g olive oil or 40 g walnuts had been added. Both test meals contained 80 g fat and 35% saturated fatty acids, and consumption of each meal was separated by 1 week. Venipunctures and ultrasound measurements of brachial artery endothelial function were performed after fasting and 4 h after test meals.
In both study groups, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was worse after the olive oil meal than after the walnut meal (p = 0.006, time-period interaction). Fasting, but not postprandial, triglyceride concentrations correlated inversely with FMD (r = -0.324; p = 0.024). Flow-independent dilation and plasma ADMA concentrations were unchanged, and the concentration of oxidized low-density lipoproteins decreased (p = 0.051) after either meal. The plasma concentrations of soluble inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules decreased (p < 0.01) independently of meal type, except for E-selectin, which decreased more (p = 0.033) after the walnut meal.
Adding walnuts to a high-fat meal acutely improves FMD independently of changes in oxidation, inflammation, or ADMA. Both walnuts and olive oil preserve the protective phenotype of endothelial cells.
我们试图研究在高脂餐中添加核桃或橄榄油对餐后血管活性、脂蛋白、氧化和内皮激活标志物以及血浆不对称二甲基精氨酸（ADMA）是否有不同影响。
与地中海饮食相比，核桃饮食已被证明可改善高胆固醇血症患者的内皮功能。我们假设核桃可逆转与高脂餐摄入相关的餐后内皮功能障碍。
我们采用交叉设计，将12名健康受试者和12名高胆固醇血症患者随机分为2个高脂餐序列，分别添加25 g橄榄油或40 g核桃。两种测试餐均含80 g脂肪和35%饱和脂肪酸，每餐摄入间隔1周。在空腹时以及测试餐后4小时进行静脉穿刺和肱动脉内皮功能的超声测量。
在两个研究组中，橄榄油餐后的血流介导的血管舒张（FMD）比核桃餐后更差（p = 0.006，时间期交互作用）。空腹时而非餐后甘油三酯浓度与FMD呈负相关（r = -0.324；p = 0.024）。非血流依赖性血管舒张和血浆ADMA浓度未改变，且餐后氧化型低密度脂蛋白浓度降低（p = 0.051）。可溶性炎症细胞因子和黏附分子的血浆浓度均降低（p < 0.01），与餐食类型无关，但E选择素除外，其在核桃餐后降低得更多（p = 0.033）。
在高脂餐中添加核桃可急性改善FMD，与氧化、炎症或ADMA的变化无关。核桃和橄榄油均可保持内皮细胞的保护表型。
