Henschkowski J, Vogt B
Medizinische Poliklinik, Universitätsspital Zürich.
Ther Umsch. 2006 Sep;63(9):591-4. doi: 10.1024/0040-5930.63.9.591.
Crystalluria is often present in routine urinalysis. The precipitation of crystals occurs in supersaturated urine. "Non-specific crystalluria" may be caused by food intake, pH and/or temperature changes of the urine, specially when urine is not analysed immediately. This randomly observed "non-specific crystalluria" is of no clinical value. In contrast, "specific" crystalluria can be associated with diseases such as nephrolithiasis, primary hyperoxaluria or ethylene glycol poisoning. Some drugs are excreted as crystals and may cause heavy crystalluria leading to kidney injury; this is the case of retroviral drugs and some antibiotics used in clinical practice. In these situations the diagnosis can be made by urinalysis and therapy be adapted accordingly. Important for the analysis of crystalluria is the correct handling of the fresh urine, knowledge of urinary pH and, of course, training in microscopic techniques.
结晶尿在常规尿液分析中经常出现。晶体沉淀发生在尿液过饱和的情况下。“非特异性结晶尿”可能由食物摄入、尿液的pH值和/或温度变化引起，特别是当尿液未立即进行分析时。这种随机观察到的“非特异性结晶尿”没有临床价值。相比之下，“特异性”结晶尿可能与肾结石、原发性高草酸尿症或乙二醇中毒等疾病有关。一些药物以晶体形式排泄，可能导致严重的结晶尿，进而导致肾损伤；临床实践中使用的逆转录病毒药物和一些抗生素就是这种情况。在这些情况下，可以通过尿液分析做出诊断，并相应地调整治疗方案。对结晶尿分析很重要的是正确处理新鲜尿液、了解尿液pH值，当然还有显微镜技术方面的培训。
