Hu L H, Fong N K, Yang L Z, Chow W K, Li Y Z, Huo R
State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2007 Feb 9;140(1-2):293-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.08.075. Epub 2006 Sep 6.
Smoke and toxic gases, such as carbon monoxide, are the most fatal factors in fires. This paper models fire-induced smoke spread and carbon monoxide transportation in an 88m long channel by Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) with large eddy simulation (LES). FDS is now a well-founded fire dynamics computational fluid dynamic (CFD) program, which was developed by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Two full scale experiments with fire sizes of 0.75 and 1.6MW were conducted in this channel to validate the program. The spread of the fire-induced smoke flow together with the smoke temperature distribution along the channel, and the carbon monoxide concentration at an assigned position were measured. The FDS simulation results were compared with experimental data with fairly good agreement demonstrated. The validation work is then extended to numerically study the carbon monoxide concentration distribution, both vertically and longitudinally, in this long channel. Results showed that carbon monoxide concentration increase linearly with the height above the floor and decreases exponentially with the distance away from the fire source.
烟雾和有毒气体，如一氧化碳，是火灾中最致命的因素。本文通过采用大涡模拟（LES）的火灾动力学模拟器（FDS），对一条88米长的通道内火灾引发的烟雾扩散和一氧化碳传输进行了建模。FDS是目前一个有充分依据的火灾动力学计算流体动力学（CFD）程序，由美国国家标准与技术研究院（NIST）开发。在该通道内进行了两次全尺寸实验，火灾规模分别为0.75兆瓦和1.6兆瓦，以验证该程序。测量了火灾引发的烟气流扩散情况、沿通道的烟温分布以及指定位置的一氧化碳浓度。将FDS模拟结果与实验数据进行了比较，结果显示吻合度相当高。然后，将验证工作扩展到对该长通道内一氧化碳浓度在垂直和纵向的分布进行数值研究。结果表明一氧化碳浓度随离地面高度呈线性增加，随离火源距离呈指数下降。
