Vartic M, Chilie A, Beuran M
Secţia ATI, Spitalul Clinic de Urgenţă Bucureşti.
Chirurgia (Bucur). 2006 Jul-Aug;101(4):365-74.
Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a frequent finding in intensive care unit (ICU) and has considerable morbidity particularly for the elderly. The most common etiology for upper digestive bleeding is the stress ulcer and for the lower bleeding the diverticular disease of the colon. The predictive risk factors for GIB are age, organ failure, mechanical ventilation and length of stay in ICU. Even though a 4.5 times increase in mortality is seen in these patients it cannot be directly correlated to the bleeding. Routine use of H2 inhibitors is effective only in high risk patients, opposing enteral nutrition which is valuable in all patients. Prophylactic measures resulted in a 50% decrease in incidence of GIB in ICU and also of the mortality. Most of the patients are now treated non-operatively.
胃肠道出血（GIB）是重症监护病房（ICU）中的常见病症，尤其在老年患者中具有较高的发病率。上消化道出血最常见的病因是应激性溃疡，下消化道出血则是结肠憩室病。GIB的预测风险因素包括年龄、器官衰竭、机械通气以及在ICU的住院时间。尽管这些患者的死亡率增加了4.5倍，但这与出血并无直接关联。常规使用H2抑制剂仅对高危患者有效，而肠内营养对所有患者都有价值。预防性措施使ICU中GIB的发病率和死亡率均降低了50%。现在大多数患者接受非手术治疗。
