Najean D, Najean S, Elbaz J S, Ricbourg B
Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale, CHU J. Minjoz, Besançon.
Ann Chir Plast Esthet. 1990;35(6):470-4.
The authors of the article first pose this question: might plastic surgery not fit into the general principles that guide any medical procedure? The general principles, especially as regards the distinction between liabilities in terms of means and liabilities in terms of results, are discussed in the first part of the survey. The authors then demonstrate that the plastic surgeon does differ from other surgeons: he has to comply with the same restraints as any surgeon. However, the survey then presents certain aspects specific to this branch of surgery, and their implications in terms of responsibilities. The article successively discusses: the patient's freedom of choice, the need for particularly thorough information and its form, the limits to the practitioner's freedom in choosing the technique, and most importantly the so-called obligation to avoid (which the authors study in particular detail in the field of analysis and responsibilities) of obviously useless operations. The authors, after recalling important recent legal precedents, come to the conclusion that it is necessary to establish an institution: "the medical ombundsman" defined by a bill in the 1988 sitting of the French Parliament.
整形手术是否不符合指导任何医疗程序的一般原则？调查的第一部分讨论了这些一般原则，特别是关于手段责任和结果责任之间的区别。作者随后表明，整形外科医生确实与其他外科医生不同：他必须遵守与任何外科医生相同的限制。然而，调查接着呈现了该外科分支特有的某些方面，以及它们在责任方面的影响。文章依次讨论了：患者的选择自由、特别全面信息的必要性及其形式、从业者在选择技术方面的自由限制，以及最重要的所谓避免（作者在分析和责任领域特别详细地研究了这一点）明显无用手术的义务。作者在回顾了近期重要的法律先例后，得出结论认为有必要设立一个机构：由法国议会1988年会议上的一项法案定义的“医疗监察员”。
