Campos Domínguez Minia, Suárez Fernández Ricardo, Lázaro Ochaita Pablo
Unidad de Enfermedades Ampollosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España.
Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2006 Oct;97(8):485-502. doi: 10.1016/s0001-7310(06)73450-0.
There is considerable clinical and histological overlap among the subepidermal autoimmune bullous diseases. The knowledge at the molecular level of the dermo-epidermal junction is essential to understand this group of diseases. The immune-based techniques have contributed to increase the knowledge of these entities and have been progressively incorporated into clinical practice. In this review of the diagnostic methods of subepidermal autoimmune bullous diseases we summarize the most recent advances on the molecular biology of the dermo-epidermal junction, focusing on the immune-based diagnostic techniques. We distinguish two main groups of diagnostic methods: those that detect autoimmune deposits in the skin (direct immunofluorescence and its variants including confocal microscopy) and those that detect antibodies in serum or in other fluids (indirect immunofluorescence and its variants, ELISA, immunoblot and immunoprecipitation). We explain the methodology and diagnostic keys of the techniques most widely applied in our milieu.
表皮下自身免疫性大疱病在临床和组织学上存在相当大的重叠。了解真皮 - 表皮连接的分子水平知识对于理解这组疾病至关重要。基于免疫的技术有助于增加对这些疾病实体的了解，并已逐渐融入临床实践。在本次对表皮下自身免疫性大疱病诊断方法的综述中，我们总结了真皮 - 表皮连接分子生物学的最新进展，重点关注基于免疫的诊断技术。我们区分了两类主要的诊断方法：一类是检测皮肤中自身免疫沉积物的方法（直接免疫荧光及其变体，包括共聚焦显微镜检查），另一类是检测血清或其他体液中抗体的方法（间接免疫荧光及其变体、酶联免疫吸附测定、免疫印迹和免疫沉淀）。我们解释了在我们环境中最广泛应用的技术的方法和诊断要点。
