Muftić Lisa R
Department of Criminal Justice & Political Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105-5101, USA.
Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2006 Dec;50(6):630-53. doi: 10.1177/0306624X06287284.
Institutional anomie theory (IAT) contends that crime can be explained by an examination of American society, particularly the exaggerated emphasis on economic success inherent in American culture, which has created a "cheating orientation" that permeates structural institutions, including academia. Consistent with its macrosocial perspective, previous tests of IAT have examined IAT variables at the structural level only. The current study tests the robustness of IAT by operationalizing IAT variables at the individual level and looking at a minor form of deviance, student cheating. The author also examines the role statistical modeling has in testing the theory at the microlevel. Undergraduates, 122 American born and 48 international, were surveyed about their cheating behaviors and adherence to economic goal orientations. Results related to the hypothesis that American students, relative to foreign-born students, will have an increased adherence to economic goal orientations that increase cheating behaviors are presented, as are suggestions for future studies.
制度失范理论（IAT）认为，通过审视美国社会，尤其是美国文化中对经济成功的过度强调，犯罪现象能够得到解释。这种强调已催生了一种“欺骗倾向”，它渗透到包括学术界在内的各种结构制度之中。与其宏观社会视角相一致，IAT先前的检验仅在结构层面考察了IAT变量。本研究通过在个体层面操作化IAT变量并考察一种轻微的越轨形式——学生作弊，来检验IAT的稳健性。作者还探讨了统计建模在微观层面检验该理论中所起的作用。对122名美国本土本科生和48名国际本科生进行了调查，询问他们的作弊行为以及对经济目标导向的遵循情况。文中呈现了与以下假设相关的结果：相对于外国出生的学生，美国学生对经济目标导向的遵循程度更高，而这会增加作弊行为，同时还给出了对未来研究的建议。
