解毒酶缺乏：蜜蜂对农药的敏感性及环境响应
A deficit of detoxification enzymes: pesticide sensitivity and environmental response in the honeybee.
作者信息
Claudianos C, Ranson H, Johnson R M, Biswas S, Schuler M A, Berenbaum M R, Feyereisen R, Oakeshott J G
机构信息
Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
出版信息
Insect Mol Biol. 2006 Oct;15(5):615-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2006.00672.x.
The honeybee genome has substantially fewer protein coding genes ( approximately 11 000 genes) than Drosophila melanogaster ( approximately 13 500) and Anopheles gambiae ( approximately 14 000). Some of the most marked differences occur in three superfamilies encoding xenobiotic detoxifying enzymes. Specifically there are only about half as many glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) and carboxyl/cholinesterases (CCEs) in the honeybee. This includes 10-fold or greater shortfalls in the numbers of Delta and Epsilon GSTs and CYP4 P450s, members of which clades have been recurrently associated with insecticide resistance in other species. These shortfalls may contribute to the sensitivity of the honeybee to insecticides. On the other hand there are some recent radiations in CYP6, CYP9 and certain CCE clades in A. mellifera that could be associated with the evolution of the hormonal and chemosensory processes underpinning its highly organized eusociality.
蜜蜂基因组中的蛋白质编码基因（约11000个基因）比黑腹果蝇（约13500个）和冈比亚按蚊（约14000个）要少得多。一些最显著的差异出现在编码外源解毒酶的三个超家族中。具体而言，蜜蜂中的谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GSTs）、细胞色素P450单加氧酶（P450s）和羧基/胆碱酯酶（CCEs）数量只有大约一半。这包括Delta和Epsilon GSTs以及CYP4 P450s数量减少了10倍或更多，在其他物种中，这些进化枝的成员经常与抗药性相关。这些不足可能导致蜜蜂对杀虫剂敏感。另一方面，西方蜜蜂的CYP6、CYP9和某些CCE进化枝最近有一些辐射，这可能与其高度有组织的群居生活所依赖的激素和化学感应过程的进化有关。
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