Wijnen Jasper G, Ridderinkhof K Richard
Amsterdam Center for the Study of Adaptive Control in Brain and Behaviour, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Brain Cogn. 2007 Apr;63(3):260-70. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2006.09.003. Epub 2006 Oct 27.
Previous research has shown that the appearance of task-irrelevant abrupt onsets influences saccadic eye movements during visual search and may slow down manual reactions to target stimuli. Analysis of reaction time distributions in the present study offers evidence suggesting that top-down inhibition processes actively suppress oculomotor or motor responses elicited by a salient distractor, in order to resolve the conflict that arises when reflex-like and deliberate responses are in opposition. Twenty-six participants carried out a variation of the oculomotor capture task. They were instructed to respond with either a saccade toward or with a button press at the side of the hemifield in which a target color singleton appeared. A distractor stimulus could appear either in the same or in the opposite hemifield. Delta plots revealed competition between reflex-like and deliberate response activation, and highlighted selective inhibition of automatic responses: While participants generally responded more slowly in incongruent compared to congruent situations, this effect diminished and even reversed in the slowest speed quantiles. These effects were present in both the oculomotor and motor response-mode conditions.
先前的研究表明，任务无关的突然 onset 的出现会影响视觉搜索过程中的眼跳运动，并可能减慢对目标刺激的手动反应。本研究中对反应时间分布的分析提供了证据，表明自上而下的抑制过程会积极抑制由显著干扰物引发的动眼或运动反应，以解决当类似反射的反应和刻意反应相互对立时出现的冲突。26 名参与者进行了动眼捕捉任务的一种变体。他们被指示在目标颜色单独出现的半视野一侧，通过向该侧进行眼跳或按下按钮来做出反应。干扰刺激可能出现在同一半视野或相对的半视野中。Delta 图揭示了类似反射的反应激活和刻意反应激活之间的竞争，并突出了对自动反应的选择性抑制：虽然与一致情况相比，参与者在不一致情况下的反应通常更慢，但在最慢的速度分位数中，这种效应减弱甚至逆转。这些效应在动眼和运动反应模式条件下均存在。
