Dryden S K, Ramaswami B, Yuan Z, Giammar D E, Angenent L T
Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
Water Res. 2006 Dec;40(20):3719-24. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.09.003. Epub 2006 Oct 27.
Source determination of fecal contamination is imperative to efficiently reduce the fecal material load to environmental waters. This study developed primer pairs targeting three F+ RNA bacteriophages and a simple filtration sampling method to enumerate and identify coliphages in environmental waters. Water samples were collected seasonally for one year from the watershed of Table Rock Lake on the Arkansas-Missouri border in areas predisposed to fecal contamination. Collected samples were analyzed quantitatively with most probable number and plaque assays and qualitatively with reverse transcription-PCR. We demonstrated the usefulness of F+ RNA coliphages as an indicator of fecal contamination, but were unable to distinguish between human and non-human sources. F+ coliphage numbers in Table Rock Lake showed seasonal variation with the highest level of coliphage presence during the January sampling event.
确定粪便污染的来源对于有效减少环境水体中的粪便物质负荷至关重要。本研究开发了针对三种F+ RNA噬菌体的引物对和一种简单的过滤采样方法，以对环境水体中的大肠杆菌噬菌体进行计数和鉴定。在阿肯色州-密苏里州边境的桌岩湖流域，对易受粪便污染地区的水样进行了为期一年的季节性采集。对采集的样本进行了最可能数法和噬菌斑测定的定量分析以及逆转录-聚合酶链反应的定性分析。我们证明了F+ RNA大肠杆菌噬菌体作为粪便污染指标的有用性，但无法区分人类和非人类来源。桌岩湖中的F+噬菌体数量呈现季节性变化，在1月份的采样活动中噬菌体存在水平最高。
