Huurre Taina, Eerola Mervi, Rahkonen Ossi, Aro Hillevi
National Public Health Institute, Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland.
J Affect Disord. 2007 Jun;100(1-3):55-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2006.09.019. Epub 2006 Oct 27.
The aim of this prospective longitudinal study of adolescents was to investigate socioeconomic differences in adult depression and in the domain of social support from adolescence to adulthood. We also studied the modifying effect of social support on the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and depression.
All 16-year-old ninth-grade school pupils of one Finnish city completed questionnaires at school (n=2194). Subjects were followed up using postal questionnaires when aged 22 and 32 years.
At 32 years of age there was a social gradient in depression, with a substantially higher prevalence among subjects with lower SES. Low parental SES during adolescence did not affect the risk of depression at 32 years of age, but the person's lower level of education at 22 years did. Lower level of support among subjects with lower SES was found particularly in females. Some evidence indicated that low level of social support had a greater impact on depression among lower SES group subjects. However, this relationship varied depending on the domain of social support, life stage and gender. On the other hand, the results did not support the hypothesis that social support would substantially account for the variation in depression across SES groups.
The assessments and classifications of social support were rather brief and crude, particularly in adolescence and early adulthood.
It is important to pay attention to social support resources in preventive programs and also in the treatment settings, with a special focus on lower SES group persons.
这项针对青少年的前瞻性纵向研究旨在调查成人抑郁症方面以及从青少年到成年期社会支持领域的社会经济差异。我们还研究了社会支持对社会经济地位（SES）与抑郁症之间关系的调节作用。
芬兰一个城市的所有16岁九年级学生在学校完成问卷调查（n = 2194）。当这些受试者22岁和32岁时，通过邮寄问卷进行随访。
在32岁时，抑郁症存在社会梯度，SES较低的受试者患病率显著更高。青少年时期父母SES低并未影响32岁时患抑郁症的风险，但22岁时个人教育水平较低则有影响。SES较低的受试者中社会支持水平较低的情况在女性中尤为明显。一些证据表明，低水平的社会支持对SES较低组受试者的抑郁症影响更大。然而，这种关系因社会支持领域、生活阶段和性别而异。另一方面，结果不支持社会支持能大幅解释SES组间抑郁症差异这一假设。
社会支持的评估和分类相当简略和粗略，尤其是在青少年期和成年早期。
在预防项目以及治疗环境中关注社会支持资源很重要，特别要关注SES较低组人群。
