Smallwood Jonathan, Schooler Jonathan W
Psychology Department, University of Aberdeen.
Psychology Department, University of British Columbia.
Psychol Bull. 2006 Nov;132(6):946-958. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.132.6.946.
This article reviews the hypothesis that mind wandering can be integrated into executive models of attention. Evidence suggests that mind wandering shares many similarities with traditional notions of executive control. When mind wandering occurs, the executive components of attention appear to shift away from the primary task, leading to failures in task performance and superficial representations of the external environment. One challenge for incorporating mind wandering into standard executive models is that it often occurs in the absence of explicit intention--a hallmark of controlled processing. However, mind wandering, like other goal-related processes, can be engaged without explicit awareness; thus, mind wandering can be seen as a goal-driven process, albeit one that is not directed toward the primary task.
本文回顾了关于思维游荡可被纳入注意力执行模型的假说。有证据表明，思维游荡与传统的执行控制概念有许多相似之处。当思维游荡发生时，注意力的执行成分似乎会从主要任务上转移开，导致任务表现失败以及对外部环境的表面表征。将思维游荡纳入标准执行模型的一个挑战在于，它常常在没有明确意图的情况下发生——这是受控加工的一个标志。然而，与其他与目标相关的过程一样，思维游荡可以在没有明确意识的情况下被启动；因此，思维游荡可被视为一个目标驱动的过程，尽管它并非指向主要任务。
