LeFevre Jo-Anne, DeStefano Diana, Penner-Wilger Marcie, Daley Karen E
Department of Psychology, Ottawa, Ontario.
Can J Exp Psychol. 2006 Sep;60(3):209-20. doi: 10.1037/cjep2006020.
Adults solved simple subtraction problems (e.g., 16 - 9). Half of the 32 participants provided immediate self-reports of their solution processes on each problem. Performance was analyzed using both traditional descriptive statistics (i.e., means, standard deviations, and percentage of errors) and with statistics derived from fitting the ex-Gaussian distributions to latencies (i.e., mu and tau). The results support the view that ex-Gaussian analyses can be useful in exploring patterns of procedure selection that relate both to characteristics of the stimuli (e.g., problem size) and to characteristics of the participants (e.g., arithmetic skill). More generally, the results provide further evidence that adults use a variety of procedures to solve simple subtraction problems and that these choices are related to patterns of performance on more complex problems that require calculation.
成年人解决简单减法问题（如16 - 9）。32名参与者中有一半在解决每个问题后立即对自己的解题过程进行自我报告。使用传统描述性统计（即均值、标准差和错误百分比）以及通过将前高斯分布拟合到反应时得出的统计量（即μ和τ）对表现进行分析。结果支持这样一种观点，即前高斯分析在探索与刺激特征（如问题大小）和参与者特征（如算术技能）相关的程序选择模式方面可能有用。更一般地说，结果进一步证明成年人使用多种程序来解决简单减法问题，并且这些选择与需要计算的更复杂问题的表现模式有关。
