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动眼准备过程中头部运动前区回路的启动。

Priming of head premotor circuits during oculomotor preparation.

作者信息

Corneil Brian D, Munoz Douglas P, Olivier Etienne

机构信息

EB-12, Centre for the Brain and Mind, Robarts Research Institute, 100 Perth Drive, Dock 50, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5K8.

出版信息

J Neurophysiol. 2007 Jan;97(1):701-14. doi: 10.1152/jn.00670.2006. Epub 2006 Nov 1.

Abstract

Large, rapid gaze shifts necessitate intricate coordination of the eyes and head. Brief high-frequency bursts of activity within the intermediate and deeper layers of the superior colliculus (dSC) encode desired gaze shifts regardless of component movements of the eyes and head. However, it remains unclear whether low-frequency activity emitted by oculomotor neurons within the dSC and elsewhere has any role in eye-head gaze shifts. Here we test the hypothesis that such low-frequency activity contributes to eye-head coordination by selectively priming head premotor circuits. We exploited the capacity for short-duration (10 ms, 4 pulses) dSC stimulation to evoke neck muscle responses without compromising ocular stability, stimulating at various intervals of a "gap-saccade" task. Low-frequency neural activity in many oculomotor areas (including the dSC) is known to increase during the progression of the gap-saccade task. Stimulation was passed during either a fixation-interval while a central fixation point was illuminated, a 200-ms gap-interval between fixation point offset and target onset, or a movement-interval following target onset. In the two monkeys studied, the amplitude of evoked responses on multiple neck muscles tracked the known increases in low-frequency oculomotor activity during the gap-saccade task, being greater following stimulation passed at the end of the gap- versus the fixation-interval, and greater still when the location of stimulation during the movement interval coincided with the area of the dSC generating the ensuing saccade. In one of these monkeys, we obtained a more detailed timeline of how these results co-varied with low-frequency oculomotor activity by stimulating, across multiple trials, at different times within the fixation-, gap- and movement-intervals. Importantly, in both monkeys, baseline levels of neck EMG taken immediately prior to stimulation onset did not co-vary with the known pattern of low-frequency oculomotor activity up until the arrival of a transient burst associated with visual target onset. These baseline results demonstrate that any priming of the head premotor circuits occurs without affecting the output of neck muscle motoneurons, We conclude that low-frequency oculomotor activity primes head premotor circuits well in advance of gaze shift initiation, and in a manner distinct from its effects on the eye premotor circuits. Such distinctions presumably aid the temporal coordination of the eyes and head despite fundamentally different biomechanics.

摘要

大幅度、快速的注视转移需要眼睛和头部进行复杂的协调。上丘中间层和深层(dSC)内短暂的高频活动爆发编码了期望的注视转移,而不考虑眼睛和头部的组成运动。然而,dSC内及其他部位的动眼神经元发出的低频活动在眼-头注视转移中是否起作用仍不清楚。在这里,我们测试了这样一种假设,即这种低频活动通过选择性地启动头部运动前回路来促进眼-头协调。我们利用短持续时间(10毫秒,4个脉冲)的dSC刺激来诱发颈部肌肉反应,同时不影响眼球稳定性,在“间隙扫视”任务的不同间隔进行刺激。已知在间隙扫视任务进行过程中,许多动眼区域(包括dSC)的低频神经活动会增加。刺激在中央注视点亮起时的注视间隔、注视点偏移与目标开始之间的200毫秒间隙间隔或目标开始后的运动间隔期间进行。在研究的两只猴子中,多条颈部肌肉诱发反应的幅度跟踪了间隙扫视任务期间低频动眼活动的已知增加情况,在间隙间隔结束时刺激后的反应幅度大于注视间隔时的反应幅度,当运动间隔期间的刺激位置与产生随后扫视的dSC区域重合时,反应幅度更大。在其中一只猴子中,我们通过在多个试验中在注视、间隙和运动间隔内的不同时间进行刺激,获得了这些结果如何与低频动眼活动共同变化的更详细时间线。重要的是,在两只猴子中,在刺激开始前立即记录的颈部肌电图基线水平在与视觉目标开始相关的短暂爆发到来之前,与低频动眼活动的已知模式没有共同变化。这些基线结果表明,头部运动前回路的任何启动都是在不影响颈部肌肉运动神经元输出的情况下发生的。我们得出结论,低频动眼活动在注视转移开始之前就很好地启动了头部运动前回路,并且其方式与对眼部运动前回路的影响不同。尽管生物力学存在根本差异,但这种差异大概有助于眼睛和头部的时间协调。

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