Heer Jeffrey, Agrawala Maneesh
Computer Science Division of the University of California, Berkeley, USA.
IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph. 2006 Sep-Oct;12(5):701-8. doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2006.163.
In his text Visualizing Data, William Cleveland demonstrates how the aspect ratio of a line chart can affect an analyst's perception of trends in the data. Cleveland proposes an optimization technique for computing the aspect ratio such that the average absolute orientation of line segments in the chart is equal to 45 degrees. This technique, called banking to 45 degrees, is designed to maximize the discriminability of the orientations of the line segments in the chart. In this paper, we revisit this classic result and describe two new extensions. First, we propose alternate optimization criteria designed to further improve the visual perception of line segment orientations. Second, we develop multi-scale banking, a technique that combines spectral analysis with banking to 45 degrees. Our technique automatically identifies trends at various frequency scales and then generates a banked chart for each of these scales. We demonstrate the utility of our techniques in a range of visualization tools and analysis examples.
在其著作《数据可视化》中，威廉·克利夫兰展示了折线图的宽高比如何影响分析师对数据趋势的感知。克利夫兰提出了一种用于计算宽高比的优化技术，使得图表中线段的平均绝对方向等于45度。这种技术称为“倾斜至45度”，旨在最大化图表中线段方向的可辨别性。在本文中，我们重新审视这一经典结果并描述两种新的扩展。首先，我们提出了旨在进一步改善线段方向视觉感知的替代优化标准。其次，我们开发了多尺度倾斜技术，这是一种将频谱分析与倾斜至45度相结合的技术。我们的技术会自动识别各种频率尺度上的趋势，然后为每个尺度生成一个倾斜图表。我们在一系列可视化工具和分析示例中展示了我们技术的实用性。
