Koch Laura Hunter
Women's Health Nurse Practitioner program, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA.
J Midwifery Womens Health. 2006 Nov-Dec;51(6):e39-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jmwh.2006.06.004.
Urinary incontinence (UI) affects approximately 17 million American women. Women with UI have reported a lower quality of life than women who do not experience UI. In many cases, UI affects a woman's ability to take part in a variety of recreational and social activities, and has negative psychological effects including depression, anxiety, and frustration. Studies show that fewer than 50% of women with UI discuss their symptoms with their health care provider. Although researchers have examined help-seeking behaviors in people with UI, few have examined women of all ages with all types of UI. The purpose of this integrative literature review is to summarize the help-seeking behaviors for UI symptoms among noninstitutionalized women of all ages with all types of UI. Five studies were reviewed. In all of the studies, less than 38% of women sought help for their UI symptoms. Factors affecting help seeking included quality of life scores, perceptions women had regarding the normalcy of UI, and beliefs about treatment options available for the problem. Age, type of UI, severity of UI, and embarrassment were found to be significantly related to help-seeking in most, but not all of the studies.
尿失禁影响着约1700万美国女性。有尿失禁问题的女性报告称其生活质量低于未经历尿失禁的女性。在许多情况下，尿失禁会影响女性参与各种娱乐和社交活动的能力，并产生包括抑郁、焦虑和沮丧在内的负面心理影响。研究表明，患有尿失禁的女性中不到50%会与她们的医疗服务提供者讨论自己的症状。尽管研究人员已经研究了尿失禁患者的求助行为，但很少有人研究所有年龄段、患有各种类型尿失禁的女性。这篇综合文献综述的目的是总结所有年龄段、患有各种类型尿失禁的非机构化女性针对尿失禁症状的求助行为。共查阅了五项研究。在所有研究中，不到38%的女性因尿失禁症状寻求帮助。影响求助行为的因素包括生活质量得分、女性对尿失禁正常与否的认知，以及对该问题可用治疗方案的看法。在大多数（但并非所有）研究中，年龄、尿失禁类型、尿失禁严重程度和尴尬感被发现与求助行为显著相关。
