Tabbara I A, Robinson B E
University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charlottesville 22908.
Anticancer Res. 1991 Jan-Feb;11(1):81-90.
Hematopoiesis is a complex process that underlines the production of multiple highly specialized cells. The intricate mechanisms involved in this process include both positive and negative feedback by humoral activities, pluripotent stem cell selfrenewal and differentiation, and local interactions between stromal components of the hematopoietic microenvironment and various stem and progenitor cells. A group of hematopoietic growth factors, as well as their genes and chromosomal locations, have been identified. Advances in biochemistry and molecular biology led to the purification, genetic sequencing and molecular cloning of these glycoproteins. They include interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and erythropoietin (EPO). The biologic specificity of these substances is defined by their ability to support proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells in a semisolid clonal assay system. These factors share certain characteristics, including their ability to stimulate the function of mature cells, their overlapping activity affecting progenitor cells of several lineages, and their direct and indirect actions on nonhematopoietic cells. Trials using hematopoietic growth factors demonstrated their remarkable efficacy in a variety of clinical settings.
造血是一个复杂的过程，它构成了多种高度特化细胞产生的基础。这个过程涉及的复杂机制包括体液活动的正负反馈、多能干细胞的自我更新和分化，以及造血微环境的基质成分与各种干细胞和祖细胞之间的局部相互作用。一组造血生长因子及其基因和染色体定位已被确定。生物化学和分子生物学的进展导致了这些糖蛋白的纯化、基因测序和分子克隆。它们包括白细胞介素-3（IL-3）、粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）、巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（M-CSF）和促红细胞生成素（EPO）。这些物质的生物学特异性由它们在半固体克隆测定系统中支持造血细胞增殖和分化的能力来定义。这些因子具有某些共同特征，包括它们刺激成熟细胞功能的能力、它们对多个谱系祖细胞的重叠活性影响，以及它们对非造血细胞的直接和间接作用。使用造血生长因子的试验证明了它们在各种临床环境中的显著疗效。
