Dickinson Patsy S
Department of Biology, 6500 College Station, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2006 Dec;16(6):604-14. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2006.10.007. Epub 2006 Nov 7.
Central pattern generators are subject to extensive modulation that generates flexibility in the rhythmic outputs of these neural networks. The effects of neuromodulators interact with one another, and modulatory neurons are themselves often subject to modulation, enabling both higher order control and indirect interactions among central pattern generators. In addition, modulators often directly mediate the interactions between functionally related central pattern generators. In systems such as the vertebrate respiratory central pattern generator, multiple pacemaker types interact to produce rhythmic output. Modulators can then alter the relative contributions of the different pacemakers, leading to substantial changes in motor output and hence to different behaviors. Surprisingly, substantial changes in some aspects of the circuitry of a central pattern generator, such as a several-fold increase in synaptic strength, can sometimes have little effect on the output of the CPG, whereas other changes have profound effects.
中枢模式发生器受到广泛的调制，从而使这些神经网络的节律性输出产生灵活性。神经调质的作用相互影响，并且调制神经元自身也常常受到调制，这使得中枢模式发生器之间能够进行高阶控制和间接相互作用。此外，调质常常直接介导功能相关的中枢模式发生器之间的相互作用。在诸如脊椎动物呼吸中枢模式发生器这样的系统中，多种起搏器类型相互作用以产生节律性输出。然后，调质可以改变不同起搏器的相对贡献，导致运动输出发生实质性变化，进而产生不同的行为。令人惊讶的是，中枢模式发生器电路某些方面的实质性变化，例如突触强度增加几倍，有时对中枢模式发生器的输出影响很小，而其他变化则具有深远影响。
