Cowan Nelson, Naveh-Benjamin Moshe, Kilb Angela, Saults J Scott
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2006 Nov;42(6):1089-102. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.42.6.1089.
We asked whether the ability to keep in working memory the binding between a visual object and its spatial location changes with development across the life span more than memory for item information. Paired arrays of colored squares were identical or differed in the color of one square, and in the latter case, the changed color was unique on that trial (item change) or was duplicated elsewhere in the array (color-location binding change). Children (8-10 and 11-12 years old) and older adults (65-85 years old) showed deficits relative to young adults. These were only partly simulated by dividing attention in young adults. The older adults had an additional deficiency, specifically in binding information, which was evident only when item- and binding-change trials were mixed together. In that situation, the older adults often overlooked the more subtle, binding-type changes. Some working memory processes related to binding undergo life-span development in an inverted-U shape, whereas other, bias- and salience-related processes that influence the use of binding information seem to develop monotonically.
我们探讨了相较于对项目信息的记忆，在整个生命周期中，将视觉对象与其空间位置之间的绑定保持在工作记忆中的能力是否会随着发育而发生更大的变化。成对的彩色方块阵列要么完全相同，要么其中一个方块的颜色不同，在后一种情况下，变化的颜色在该试验中是唯一的（项目变化），或者在阵列中的其他地方重复出现（颜色-位置绑定变化）。儿童（8-10岁和11-12岁）和老年人（65-85岁）相对于年轻人表现出缺陷。在年轻人中通过分散注意力只能部分模拟这些缺陷。老年人还有额外的缺陷，特别是在绑定信息方面，这仅在项目变化和绑定变化试验混合在一起时才明显。在这种情况下，老年人经常忽略更细微的、绑定类型的变化。一些与绑定相关的工作记忆过程在整个生命周期中呈倒U形发展，而其他影响绑定信息使用的、与偏差和显著性相关的过程似乎呈单调发展。
