Weeks William B, Wallace Amy
Veterans Affairs Outcomes Group Research Enhancement Awards Program (REAP), Dartmouth Medical School, White River Junction, VT 05009, USA.
J Am Board Fam Med. 2006 Nov-Dec;19(6):548-56. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.19.6.548.
Specialty, work effort, and gender have been shown to be associated with physicians' annual incomes. We hypothesized that provider race might also be associated with differences in family physicians' incomes. Therefore, we conducted a study that used survey data to explore the relationship between provider gender and race and family physicians' annual incomes.
We used survey responses collected by the American Medical Association (AMA) throughout the 1990s from 786 white male, 20 black male, 159 white female, and 12 black female actively practicing family physicians. We then used linear regression modeling to determine the influence of race and gender on physicians' annual incomes after controlling for work effort, provider characteristics, and practice characteristics.
Female family physicians reported seeing substantially fewer patients and working fewer annual hours than their male counterparts. After adjustment for work effort, provider characteristics, and practice characteristics, black men's mean annual income was 178,873 dollars, or 9,309 dollars (5.5%) higher than that for white men (95% Confidence Interval (CI), -18,410 dollars to 37,028 dollars); white women's was 135,531 dollars, or 14,579 dollars (8.6%) lower (95% CI, -25,969 dollars to -3,189 dollars); and black women's was 107,733 dollars, or 36,963 dollars (22%) lower (95% CI, -71,450 dollars to -2,476 dollars).
During the 1990s, female gender was associated with lower annual incomes among family physicians, substantially so for black women. These findings warrant further exploration to determine what factors might cause the gender-based income differences that we found.
专业领域、工作投入和性别已被证明与医生的年收入相关。我们推测医疗服务提供者的种族可能也与家庭医生的收入差异有关。因此，我们开展了一项研究，利用调查数据来探究医疗服务提供者的性别和种族与家庭医生年收入之间的关系。
我们使用了美国医学协会（AMA）在整个20世纪90年代收集的调查回复，这些回复来自786名积极执业的白人男性、20名黑人男性、159名白人女性和12名黑人女性家庭医生。然后，我们使用线性回归模型来确定在控制工作投入、医疗服务提供者特征和执业特征后，种族和性别对医生年收入的影响。
女性家庭医生报告称，她们接待的患者数量明显少于男性同行，且每年工作的小时数也更少。在对工作投入、医疗服务提供者特征和执业特征进行调整后，黑人男性的平均年收入为178,873美元，比白人男性高9,309美元（5.5%）（95%置信区间（CI），-18,410美元至37,028美元）；白人女性的年收入为135,531美元，比白人男性低14,579美元（8.6%）（95% CI，-25,969美元至-3,189美元）；黑人女性的年收入为107,733美元，比白人男性低36,963美元（22%）（95% CI，-71,450美元至-2,476美元）。
在20世纪90年代，女性性别与家庭医生的年收入较低相关，黑人女性的情况尤为明显。这些发现值得进一步探究，以确定哪些因素可能导致我们所发现的基于性别的收入差异。
